Overview of Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv.
Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv is a semi-aquatic plant that originates from southern Africa. This particular plant variety typically grows in rivers, streams, and other wetland areas. It is also known by its common names, floating ivy and water ivy. The plant belongs to the plant family Menyanthaceae, and its leaves resemble the shape of ivy leaves. It is known for its unique adaptation to live semi-submerged in water.
Appearance and Characteristics
Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. is a small, creeping plant that grows in a trailing mass along the water surface. The leaves grow alternately along the stem, and each leaf has a petiole that elevates it above the water surface. The leaves are oval in shape, with a slightly pointed tip, and they measure up to 2.5 cm long and 1.6 cm wide. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and have a smooth surface. Its small, white flowers bloom from July to September and are located on the stem just above the water surface.
This aquatic plant is unique due to its adaptations to live in a semi-submerged environment. It has a root system that anchors it to the substrate in the water while the rest of the plant floats freely. The plant can also tolerate water currents, and it can move its orientation and position in the water due to its long, thin, and flexible stems.
Uses
In traditional African medicine practice, the plant has been used to treat various ailments such as fever, dysentery, and headaches. The leaves of the Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. are rich in tannins, which have astringent properties that help to stop bleeding and scavenge free radicals. In addition, its extracts have been studied for their potential use in the treatment of cancer, malaria, and other diseases. Due to its unique appearance and characteristics, some people also cultivate it as an ornamental plant in garden ponds or aquariums.
Light Requirements
Helophytum natans var. fluitans prefers full to partial sunlight. It can tolerate some shade but too much shade may hinder its growth and flowering. In optimal conditions, the plant will thrive in bright sunlight, which will also help to bring out the purple coloring of its leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures but can also tolerate cooler temperatures. It grows best in temperatures ranging from 18°C to 30°C during the day and 10°C to 20°C at night. Extreme temperature fluctuations can damage the plant and should, therefore, be avoided.
Soil Requirements
Helophytum natans var. fluitans requires moist, fertile soils that are rich in organic matter. The plant can grow in various soil types but prefers soils that are well-draining to avoid waterlogging. In situ, it is found growing in grassy swamps or in marshy margins of streams or dams.
Cultivation Method for Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. Fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv.
The cultivation of Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. Fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. is quite simple. Firstly, this plant is suitable for both indoor and outdoor cultivation. Therefore, depending on the climate of your location, this plant can be cultivated either indoors or outdoors.
This plant prefers to grow in loamy soil with good drainage. It can also grow well in aquatic and semi-aquatic environments. Therefore, you can plant it in a pot with soil that is covered with water or in a pond or aquarium with sufficient water.
It is important to note that this plant grows well under partial shade or full sun. Therefore, it is advised to place the plant where it can receive an adequate amount of sun exposure.
Watering Needs
Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. Fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. prefers to grow in moist soil. Therefore, regular watering is necessary to prevent the soil from drying out. The plant can be watered once a week or more depending on the weather conditions and the location of the plant.
This plant can also be planted in a pot with water. However, it is essential to ensure that the water level is maintained at a consistent level and changed frequently to avoid the growth of algae.
Fertilization
Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. Fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. does not require heavy fertilization. However, you can provide it with a slow-release fertilizer once a month to ensure healthy growth. It is also advisable to use organic fertilizers such as compost or manure, which are rich in nutrients.
Over-fertilization can lead to poor growth and even death of the plant. Therefore, it is essential to follow the instructions on the fertilizer's packaging when applying.
Pruning
Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. Fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. does not require heavy pruning. However, it is important to remove dead or damaged leaves and stems as often as possible to maintain the plant's health.
If the plant becomes too large, you can trim it down to the desired size. Trimming can be done during spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Propagation of Helophytum Natans var. Fluitans
Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. can be propagated either by seed or by division of mature specimens.
Propagation by Seed
Seeds of Helophytum natans var. fluitans can be obtained from mature plants that have flowered and produced fruit. The seeds are small and can be sown directly onto moist soil or in a container filled with a well-draining medium. The seeds should be covered lightly with soil or vermiculite. Keep the soil moist, and the seeds should germinate within a few weeks.
Propagation by Division
The plant can also be propagated by division of mature specimens. Look for a mature plant that has formed several healthy, distinct stems. Carefully remove it from the soil and separate the stems, ensuring that each stem has a good root system attached. Replant the stems in separate containers or into the ground, making sure that the soil is well-draining and that the roots are covered with soil.
Disease Management
Helophytum natans var. fluitans is generally a hardy plant species and not often affected by diseases; however, some issues may arise under certain conditions. The following are some of the common diseases that might affect the plant:
- Root Rot - Overwatering or poor drainage can lead to root rot, which is a fungal disease that causes the plant's roots to decay. Affected plants will show signs of wilting and yellowing of leaves. To manage root rot, ensure the plant is in well-draining soil, and avoid overwatering.
- Leaf Spot - Leaf spots are caused by fungal pathogens and result in the appearance of small, irregularly shaped spots on the leaves. As the disease progresses, the spots will enlarge and coalesce, leading to the death of the leaves. Leaf spot can be controlled using fungicides.
Pest Management
Like with most aquatic plants, Helophytum natans var. fluitans is susceptible to pest infestations. Below are some common pests that might affect the plant:
- Aphids - Aphids suck the sap from the plant's leaves, causing them to wilt and yellow. They secrete a sticky substance that can attract ants and promote the growth of sooty mold. Aphids can be controlled using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Snails and Slugs - Snails and slugs feed on the plant's leaves, resulting in irregularly shaped holes and notches. These pests thrive in humid and damp conditions, making them difficult to manage in aquatic plants. Handpicking and the use of baits are effective in managing snails and slugs.
- Spider Mites - Spider mites are common pests of aquatic plants that suck sap from the leaves, causing yellowing and browning. They also spin webs, leading to a dusty appearance on the leaves. Spider mites can be managed using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
To prevent pest infestation on your Helophytum natans var. fluitans, ensure you maintain proper hygiene by removing any dead or damaged leaves and debris. Regular inspection of your plants can also help you detect any pest infestation early and take necessary measures.
