Plant Description:
Helixanthera subalata, also known as Dewild's helixanthera, is a flowering plant species from the Fabaceae family. It is a perennial subshrub that can grow up to 50 cm tall. The plant produces several stems that are erect or ascending from woody base. The foliage is made up of alternate, pinnately compound leaves that have 10-20 pairs of leaflets. The plant's inflorescence is a spike-like raceme that can reach up to 10 cm in length.
Plant Origin and Distribution:
Helixanthera subalata is native to the high altitude regions of East Africa, particularly in the mountains of Tanzania and Kenya. The plant is found in rocky grasslands, open woodlands, and on rocky slopes, usually at elevations between 2200 and 3300 meters above sea level.
Common Names and Uses:
The local communities in East Africa give different common names to Helixanthera subalata, such as Mtumwa in Swahili, Kipululu in Chagga, and Kiberiti in Kikuyu. The plant has a variety of medicinal uses such as treating malaria and stomach ailments. The roots and bark are used to make a decoction that is drunk to treat fever, while the leaves are used to make a poultice that helps in healing wounds and sores. Some communities have also used the plant's twigs to make a toothbrush, and the plant is sometimes grown as an ornamental.
Growth Conditions for Helixanthera subalata
Helixanthera subalata is a plant that typically grows in moist environments such as wetlands, riverbanks, and swamps. It is endemic to Africa and is commonly found in countries such as Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon.
Light Requirements
The plant prefers partial to full sun exposure. It can grow under shaded conditions if given enough light. However, too much shade may result in a less productive plant with reduced vigor and a tendency for fungal infections. It is important to place the plant in an area where it receives several hours of sunlight every day.
Temperature Requirements
Helixanthera subalata grows well under warm and humid conditions. The plant is sensitive to cold temperatures and does not tolerate frost. It thrives in warm to hot temperatures of around 20 to 30 °C. Temperatures below 15°C can have a negative impact on the plant's growth. If the temperature is hot, the plant may require more water to prevent drying out.
Soil Requirements
Helixanthera subalata prefers a rich soil that is well-drained with plenty of organic matter. It can grow in a range of soils, but it grows best in soils that are slightly acidic. The ideal pH range is between 6.0 and 6.5. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, and it should have good drainage to prevent sitting water that could cause root rot.
Overall, Helixanthera subalata is sensitive to its growing conditions, so it is essential to provide it with the appropriate conditions to ensure optimal growth. By understanding the plant's light, temperature, and soil requirements, you can increase its productivity and longevity.
Cultivation of Helixanthera Subalata
Helixanthera subalata, commonly known as the climbing helixanthera, is a plant species that belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is a vine that is endemic to subtropical and tropical regions of Africa. Cultivating this plant is quite easy, and it can quickly grow up to 20 meters long.
The climbing helixanthera requires a warm and humid environment, and it will thrive in a well-draining soil mix with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. You should choose a location with dappled shade, where the plant can get indirect sunlight. It is a good idea to keep the plant in a pot if you live in a region with a colder climate, as it can't tolerate frost.
Watering Needs
The best way to water the climbing helixanthera is by using a spray bottle or a hose with a fine mist attachment. You should water the plant whenever the soil feels dry to the touch. However, make sure that you don't overwater the plant, as this can cause root rot. In the winter months, you should reduce the frequency of watering to let the plant rest.
Fertilization
Fertilizing the climbing helixanthera is essential for its growth and overall health. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 works best for this plant. You should fertilize the plant every two weeks during the growing season, which is from spring to fall. You can reduce the frequency of fertilization to once a month during the winter months.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for the climbing helixanthera, but it can help to maintain the shape and size of the plant. You can prune the plant in the spring to remove any dead or damaged leaves and branches. It is also a good idea to thin out the plant to encourage new growth, but make sure that you don't remove more than one-third of the plant at a time.
By following these simple cultivation methods, your climbing helixanthera will grow healthy and thrive for years to come.
Propagation of Helixanthera subalata
Helixanthera subalata is a plant species that can be propagated through various methods that include:
Seed Propagation
The plant can be propagated through seed sowing in a nursery bed. Seeds should be collected when the seed pods have matured, the seeds should be cleaned and stored for sowing. The nursery beds should be prepared by mixing soil and manure in equal proportions. The seeds can be sown in rows at a depth of 1 cm and covered lightly with soil. Water should be provided gently to avoid disturbing the seeds. Germination occurs after 14-21 days and seedlings can be transplanted into pots or another nursery bed. The seedlings are maintained for six months and then transplanted into the field.
Cuttings Propagation
Helixanthera subalata can also be propagated through cuttings. Cuttings from young stems should be taken in early spring. The cuttings should be 10-15 cm long and have two to three pairs of leaves. The cuttings are then dipped in rooting hormone and planted in rooting medium such as a mixture of sand and peat moss or perlite, then placed in a covered partial shade area. Water should be provided, and once rooting has occurred, the cuttings can be transplanted into a nursery. Once established, the cuttings can be transplanted into the field.
Division Propagation
Helixanthera subalata can as well be propagated through division. The older plants are dug up and divided into two or more portions. The divided portions should be planted in the propagation bed and then covered partially with soil. Water should be provided gently until the roots are established. The plants can then be transplanted into the field.
Whichever method is chosen, it is important to ensure that the propagated plants are watered regularly and adequately and are provided with the appropriate nutrients to aid their growth and development.
Disease and Pest Management for Helixanthera subalata
Helixanthera subalata (De Wild.) Wiens & Polhill is relatively disease-resistant, but it is still susceptible to some diseases and pests. Here are some common ones and the ways to manage them.
Diseases
Leaf spots: Leaf spots are common on Helixanthera subalata. These are caused by fungal or bacterial infections. The affected leaves develop brown or black spots with yellow margins. To manage leaf spots, you can use a fungicide on the affected leaves and remove them from the plant. Avoid watering the leaves and make sure there is good air circulation around the plant.
Root rot: Root rot is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. The symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. To prevent root rot, ensure the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering. If root rot has already affected your plant, you might need to replace the soil and adjust the watering schedule.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are a common pest on Helixanthera subalata. They feed on the sap of the plant, leading to stunted growth and curled leaves. To manage aphids, you can use an insecticidal soap or neem oil. You can also attract natural predators like ladybugs to the plant.
Spider mites: Spider mites are also a problem for Helixanthera subalata. These tiny pests suck the sap from the leaves, leading to yellowing and loss of leaves. To manage spider mites, you can spray the plant with water to remove the mites or use an insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Overall, Helixanthera subalata is a relatively low-maintenance plant when it comes to disease and pest management. By providing the right growing conditions and addressing any issues promptly, you can keep your plant healthy and thriving.
