Overview
Heliotropium zeylanicum (Burm.f.) Lam. var. subulatum (Hochst. ex A.DC.) Chiov., also known as Indian heliotrope, is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Boraginaceae family, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions.
Origin
Indian heliotrope is native to India and Sri Lanka but can be found in many countries across the world, including parts of Africa, Asia, South America, and the Caribbean. The plant is usually found growing in coastal areas, rocky terrain or disturbed habitats.
Common Names
Indian heliotrope has several common names, including Indian turnsole, jungle heliotrope, wild pansy, and cherry pie plant.
Uses
The plant has a long history of medicinal use and is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. The leaves and roots of the plant are also used as a poultice to treat skin conditions such as burns and itching.
The Indian heliotrope plant is also used in the perfume industry, as the flowers produce a pleasant fragrance. Additionally, the plant is used for ornamental purposes in gardens and landscapes.
General Appearance
The Indian heliotrope plant is a small herbaceous plant that grows up to 30 cm tall. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate, and hairy on both sides. The flowers are small and white or pink in color, arranged in clusters of dense cymes. The fruit is a four-seeded nutlet and the roots are a deep brown color.
The plant has a woody stem that grows horizontally along the ground and sends up many branches. The stems and leaves of the plant have a fuzzy texture due to the small hairs on the surface.
Light Requirements
Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum requires full sun exposure to grow and develop optimally. The plant thrives in bright and direct sunlight and should receive at least 6 hours of sunlight daily. Inadequate sunlight may lead to spindly growth and poor flowering.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum growth is between 18°C to 32°C (65°F to 90°F). The plant is not frost-tolerant and cannot survive temperatures below 0°C (32°F). Low temperatures can cause foliage damage, delay flowering, and death in extreme cases.
Soil Requirements
Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum prefers well-draining soils with organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic, with a pH level ranging between 6.0 to 7.5. The plant grows best in loamy soils with ample nutrients. Heavy clay soils should be avoided as they tend to retain excess moisture, leading to root rot and poor plant growth.
Cultivation Methods
Heliotropium zeylanicum (Burm.f.) Lam. var. subulatum (Hochst. ex A.DC.) Chiov. can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. The plant requires warm temperatures and full sunlight. It grows best in well-draining soil with a pH range of 5 to 7.5. The plant should be planted in an area protected from strong winds as they can damage the leaves and stem of the plant.
Watering Needs
The plant requires consistent moisture, but it should not be over-watered as this can cause root rot. Water the plant regularly during the growing season and reduce watering during the colder months. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Avoid watering the plant from above, as it can cause fungal diseases to develop.
Fertilization
Heliotropium zeylanicum (Burm.f.) Lam. var. subulatum (Hochst. ex A.DC.) Chiov. requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth. Apply a balanced fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season. Ensure the plant is watered before fertilizing to avoid burning the roots. Use organic fertilizers for best results.
Pruning
Prune the plant regularly to encourage bushy growth and maintain its shape. Remove any yellow, dead, or diseased leaves. Prune back the plant after it has finished flowering to promote new growth. Pinching back the tips of the stems can also encourage bushy growth. Remove any wayward branches to maintain the plant's shape.
Propagation Methods for Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum
Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum, commonly known as wild heliotrope, is a perennial herb that belongs to the Boraginaceae family. It is found in Africa, Asia, and Europe and is used in traditional medicine for its various medicinal properties.
Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods, including:
Seed propagation
Seeds of Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum can be collected from mature plants and sowed in well-prepared soil during the spring season. Ensure the soil is moist and well-draining. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and keep them moist until they germinate, which usually takes 7 to 14 days. Transplant seedlings into individual pots or plant them outdoors in well-draining soil after they develop their second set of true leaves.
Cuttings
Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum can also be propagated by stem cuttings. Take cuttings from healthy plants during the growing season, preferably during the spring. The cuttings should be around 5-7cm in length and have a few leaves. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut ends in rooting hormone powder. Plant the cuttings in well-prepared soil, water thoroughly, and keep them in a shaded area until they root. Transplant them into individual pots or outdoors after they develop a strong root system.
Division
Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum can also be propagated by dividing mature plants. This method is usually done during the dormant season when the above-ground parts of the plant have died back. Dig out the clump of the plant and separate the crowns into smaller sections. Plant each section in well-prepared soil and water thoroughly. Keep them in a shaded area until they establish their root system and start showing new growth. Transplant them into individual pots or outdoors.
Disease and Pest Management of Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum
Heliotropium zeylanicum var. subulatum is a hardy plant, but it is not immune to diseases and pests. The following are some of the common pests and diseases that might affect this plant:
Diseases
1. Powdery mildew: This is a fungal disease that affects the leaves and stems of the plant, causing them to appear white and powdery. To manage powdery mildew, spray the affected parts with a mixture of baking soda, water, and oil spray. Ensure the plant is well-ventilated and its foliage is dry to prevent the disease from recurring.
2. Leaf spot: This is a fungal disease that causes circular or irregular lesions on the leaves of the plant. To manage leaf spot, remove and destroy the affected leaves. Ensure the plant is well-drained, and avoid wetting its foliage if possible.
Pests
1. Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and wilting of the leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water to dislodge them. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil spray.
2. Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, white, cottony insects found on the leaves and stems of the plant. They suck sap from the plant and cause stunted growth. To manage mealybugs, wipe the affected parts with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil spray.
3. Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and wilting of the leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with water to dislodge them. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil spray.
Regular inspection of the plant can prevent pest and disease infestations. Also, ensure the plant is grown in well-drained soil, and avoid overwatering it.
