Overview
Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. var. major Haw. is a small succulent plant that belongs to the Asphodelaceae family. It is a popular houseplant due to its ease of care, unique appearance, and ability to thrive in low light conditions. This plant is native to South Africa but has become popular in many parts of the world, especially in regions with warm and arid climates.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known by its scientific name, Haworthia viscosa var. major, but it also has several common names, including Sticky Haworthia, Wax-leaved Haworthia, and Smooth-leaved Haworthia.
General Appearance
Haworthia viscosa var. major is a small and slow-growing plant and typically grows to a height of up to 10 cm. The leaves are thick, fleshy, and have a shiny waxy texture with a greenish-grey color. The leaves grow in a spiral rosette pattern and form a clump. They are triangular in shape and pointed at the tips, with a slight curve that gives them a distinctive shape. The plant produces a tall, thin flower spike that grows up to 20 centimeters tall and has small white or pinkish flowers.
Uses
Haworthia viscosa var. major is a popular houseplant choice due to its low maintenance requirements and unique appearance. It is often used for decoration in homes and offices, and it is a favorite among succulent collectors. In addition, the plant is known for its medicinal properties. The sap from the leaves is used to treat skin irritations, cuts, and burns.
Light Requirements
The Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. var. major Haw. plant prefers bright but indirect light to grow properly. Direct sunlight can burn the leaves, leading to their discoloration and death. The ideal location for this plant is near a north or east-facing window where it can receive consistent but not harsh sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. var. major Haw. plant grows well in temperatures ranging from 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C). This temperature range is typical of indoor environments, making this plant an excellent choice for indoor decoration. It is vital to ensure that the temperature remains constant, as fluctuations can cause stress that leads to slow growth or even death.
Soil Requirements
The Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. var. major Haw. plant prefers well-draining soil with good airflow. The soil should have a pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.5. A potting mix with a combination of sand, perlite, and loam is suitable for this plant. Adding a small amount of composted organic matter can help improve soil fertility and boost growth. The plant needs to be repotted every two years to provide it with fresh nutrients and root space.
Cultivation of Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw.
When cultivating Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw., it is essential to consider several factors that will ensure the plant's optimal growth. One of the first factors to consider is the soil type. This plant requires well-draining soil types, for example, sandy loam soil, which allow excess water to drain easily.
Another important factor when cultivating Haworthia viscosa is the lighting needs. This plant thrives in bright but indirect sunlight. It is, therefore, ideal to place the plant on a windowsill facing a north or east direction.
It is also crucial to note that Haworthia viscosa is frost-sensitive and requires a minimum temperature of 10°C. If you live in an area with extremely cold temperatures, it is recommended to grow the plant indoors or inside a greenhouse to protect it from severe weather conditions.
Watering needs for Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw.
Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. requires minimal watering. This plant has a shallow root system, and overwatering can lead to root rot, which might damage the plant. It is, therefore, recommended to allow the soil to dry out completely between watering cycles. A good way of establishing the watering schedule is by inserting a skewer into the soil. If the skewer comes out damp, then you should wait for a few more days to water the plant.
In terms of the watering method, it is ideal to water the plant from the bottom rather than from the top. This method ensures that the water reaches the roots and prevents water from settling on the plant's leaves, which might lead to fungal and bacterial infections.
Fertilization of Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw.
When it comes to the fertilization of Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw., it is essential to note that the plant has minimal fertilization needs. Over-fertilizing the plant might lead to a buildup of salts in the soil, which might damage the roots.
If you decide to fertilize the plant, it is recommended to use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 during the growing season. You can dilute the fertilizer to half its strength and apply it once a month. During the winter season, it is recommended to suspend fertilization because the plant is dormant, and there is no active growth.
Pruning Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw.
Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. does not require regular pruning. However, it is essential to remove any dead or dried-up leaves using a sharp and sterilized pruning shear. This process enhances the appearance of the plant and prevents the spread of diseases that might damage the plant.
Propagation of Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw.
Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. can be easily propagated through several methods:
Leaf Cuttings
Leaf cuttings is one common method of propagating Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. species. Cut a leaf from the parent plant, leave it in a dry and shaded place for a few hours to let the wound heal. Afterward, plant the leaf cuts into well-draining soil mix, and water slightly. After a few days, the cutting will start developing roots, and new pups will emerge from the cut end.
Offsets Separation
The offsets are the small leafy rosettes that grow from the base of the parent plant. Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. quickly produces small offsets around the parent plant, and they can be separated once they are big enough. Gently pull the offsets from the parent plant and plant in a well-draining soil mix and water slightly. With proper care, the offsets will root and start growing into a new Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. plant.
Seeds Propagation
Propagating Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. from seed can be challenging compared to other methods. The seeds of Haworthia species need to be fresh and sowed in a well-draining soil mix. The soil should not be kept moist at all times but rather slightly moist until germination, which usually takes between 4-6 weeks. The seedlings should be kept under bright light conditions and at a temperature of 15-18°C for proper growth.
Pups Separation
Pups are small plants that grow close to the base of the parent plant. The pups can be separated from the parent plant, ensuring that they have grown several roots and leaving no cut edges. Plant the pups in well-draining soil mix and water slightly. Over time, the pups will develop into a mature Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. plant.
Propagation is a great way to expand the Haworthia viscosa var. major Haw. collection. Choose the best propagation method that suits your experience and preference.
Disease and Pest Management for Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. var. major Haw.
Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. var. major Haw., commonly known as the "Star Cactus," is a low maintenance plant with few disease and pest problems. However, plants grown in unfavorable conditions or overcrowded areas may be more susceptible to common issues. Therefore, it is important to monitor this plant to prevent any infestations or diseases from spreading. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Haworthia viscosa and ways to manage them.
Diseases:
1. Leaf rot: This disease is caused by overwatering or poor soil drainage. The roots of the plant start to rot, leading to yellowing and wilting of the leaves. To prevent this disease, make sure the soil is well-draining and allow the soil to dry out before watering again. Remove and discard any infected leaves to prevent the spread of the disease.
2. Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of the plant. It appears as a white or gray powdery substance on the leaves, leading to wilting and stunted growth. To manage this disease, improve air circulation around the plant by spacing it out or using a fan. Remove any infected leaves and apply a fungicide to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pests:
1. Spider mites: These pests are tiny, spider-like insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They cause yellowing and wilting of the leaves and can quickly spread to other plants. To manage spider mites, wash the plant with a strong stream of water or use insecticidal soap. You can also introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs to control the population.
2. Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, white, cottony insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They can cause stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves, making them an eyesore. To manage mealybugs, remove them manually with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. You can also introduce natural enemies like lacewings or parasitic wasps to control the population.
By regularly monitoring Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. var. major Haw. for any signs of disease or pests, you can prevent them from spreading and maintain a healthy plant. Proper watering, good airflow, and regular cleaning of the plant will also help prevent any infestations or diseases from taking hold.
