Overview
Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. is a unique and interesting plant that is part of the family of lichenized fungi. Lichens are organisms that consist of a combination of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, which live together in a symbiotic relationship. Gyrophora cylindrica is found in various locations across North America and parts of Europe, and it has a variety of different names in different languages, including "Kegel-Eisendübel" in German, "Grålav" in Norwegian, and "Cylindrique à spores brunes" in French.
General Appearance
Gyrophora cylindrica is a foliose lichen that grows in small to medium-sized clumps that tend to be cylindrical in shape. Its body can be found in various shades of brown, and it is covered in small, round bumps that give it a granular texture. The upper surface is generally smooth and shiny, while the underside has a woolly or hairy texture. This plant can grow up to 2-4 cm tall and can form large colonies, which often appear as blackish patches on rocks and soil.
Uses
Historically, lichens have been used for a variety of purposes, including medicine, dyes, and food. Gyrophora cylindrica is not typically used for human consumption, but it does have some interesting ecological uses. This plant plays a crucial role in many ecosystems as a primary producer, providing a food source for many animals, such as reindeer and caribou. Additionally, because lichens are very sensitive to environmental pollutants, their presence or absence can act as an indicator of air quality and ecosystem health.
Overall, Gyrophora cylindrica is a fascinating and important species that contributes to the diversity and health of many ecosystems. Its unique appearance and ecological significance make it an interesting subject for further research and study.
Light Requirements
Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. typically grows in shaded areas as it prefers indirect sunlight, although it can grow in partially shaded areas. In direct sunlight, the plant may experience leaf scorching and leaf burn.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. growth is between 18°C and 25°C. The plant can withstand temperatures as low as -10°C but prolonged exposure to temperatures below this may cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
For the optimal growth of Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach., the soil should be acidic with a pH range of 5.0-6.0. It prefers well-drained, moist soil rich in organic matter. The plant can grow in both sand and loam soils, but it prefers soils rich in humus for optimal growth.
Cultivation methods for Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach.
Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. is a lichen species that can be found growing in both arctic and alpine regions. In order to cultivate this species, it is important to replicate its natural environment as closely as possible. This means growing it in a cold environment with high humidity and good air circulation.
You can cultivate Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. outdoors, but it is recommended to plant them under the canopy of deciduous trees or shrubs to protect them from direct sunlight and wind. You can also grow them indoors in a terrarium or greenhouse with proper temperature, moisture, and light control.
Watering needs
Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. is a species that thrives in a humid environment. Therefore, it is important to keep its substrate moist, but not water-logged. Misting with a water sprayer or using a humidity tray can help maintain the right level of moisture.
However, be careful not to overwater, as excess water may cause the Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. to become waterlogged and develop diseases such as rot. It is recommended to adjust watering according to the humidity level, temperature, and light exposure of the environment where the plant is cultivated.
Fertilization
Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. usually does not require fertilizer. In fact, adding fertilizer may cause the plant to grow too quickly, which could potentially harm it. However, in case your plant appears to be lacking nutrients, you can dilute a liquid houseplant fertilizer and use it sparingly.
It is recommended to apply fertilizers once every few months, and only if absolutely necessary. Moreover, make sure to always follow the recommended application rates and instructions to avoid accidental over-fertilization.
Pruning
Gyrophora cylindrica (L.) Ach. does not require regular pruning. However, you may want to tidy up any unsightly or dead growth, or remove any parts of the plant that show signs of damage or disease.
When pruning, it is important to use clean and sharp tools to avoid causing any unnecessary damage. Always sterilize your tools before and after use to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Gyrophora cylindrica
Gyrophora cylindrica is not typically propagated by gardeners or nurseries, as it is a lichen that grows naturally in the wild. However, for those interested in attempting propagation, there are a few methods that can be used.
Propagation by Division
One potential method for propagating Gyrophora cylindrica is by division. This involves taking a mature section of the lichen and physically separating it into smaller pieces. These pieces can then be placed in a suitable growing environment.
Propagation by Spores
Another potential method for propagating Gyrophora cylindrica is by spores. Lichens do not produce seeds, but they do produce spores that can be used to create new growth. To propagate by spores, the mature fruiting body of the lichen can be carefully harvested and the spores can be collected and spread in a suitable growing environment.
Propagation by Fragmentation
Gyrophora cylindrica may also be propagated by fragmentation. This involves breaking off a small section of the lichen and placing it in a suitable growing environment. Over time, the fragment may grow into a new, mature lichen.
Regardless of the propagation method used, it is important to provide the correct growing conditions for Gyrophora cylindrica. This includes ensuring that the lichen is in a suitable environment with the correct light, temperature, and moisture levels.
Disease and Pest Management for Gyrophora cylindrica
Gyrophora cylindrica is a unique and hardy species of lichen that typically grows on rocks, soil, trees, and other substrates that are often found in harsh and challenging areas such as alpine regions. Although this plant is known to be rather resistant to pests and diseases, it is not completely immune to them. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the Gyrophora cylindrica and ways to manage them:
Common Diseases
1. Fungal Infections: The leading cause of disease in Gyrophora cylindrica is fungal infection. This plant can be affected by various types of fungi that cause diverse symptoms such as discoloration, wilting, and rotting. One of the most common fungal infections that affect Gyrophora cylindrica is the "lichenicolous fungi." This fungus feeds on the lichen's body, causing necrosis and death of the thalli.
Management: Although no fungicides have been proved to be effective in treating fungal diseases in Gyrophora cylindrica, good cultural practices such as proper sanitation, pruning, and removal of infected thalli can help prevent fungal infections. In addition, maintaining optimal growing conditions such as reducing moisture and improving circulation can also reduce the impact of fungal infections.
Common Pests
1. Predatory Mites: Gyrophora cylindrica is known to be a host of various species of predatory mites such as the Phytoseiulus persimilis. These mites feed on small invertebrates such as spider mites, thrips, and other pests that damage Gyrophora cylindrica.
Management: Predatory mites are generally regarded as beneficial insects, and their presence in Gyrophora cylindrica helps to reduce pest populations. However, if their populations become too high, they can cause direct damage to the plant by sucking sap from leaves and stunting growth. If this occurs, an application of a mild insecticidal soap may be necessary to reduce their populations.
2. Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of the plant and excrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which attracts other pests such as ants and wasps. These pests spread quickly and can cause damage to the leaves and branches of the Gyrophora cylindrica.
Management: The use of insecticidal soaps sprayed directly onto the aphids can help manage their populations. Alternatively, the application of neem oil can also be beneficial. Attracting natural predators such as ladybirds, lacewings, and parasitic wasps can also help reduce aphid populations and maintain a balance in the ecosystem.
3. Snails and Slugs: These pests can cause significant damage to the leaves and stalks of Gyrophora cylindrica, and are often found in damp and shady areas.
Management: Handpicking snails and slugs can help reduce their populations. Another option is to use a natural repellent such as copper tape or diatomaceous earth around the plant's base to prevent these pests from crawling up and causing damage.
By following these management practices, it is possible to prevent and manage common diseases and pests that might affect Gyrophora cylindrica.
