Origin and Common Names
Gyrophora angulata, also known as the angular earth lichen, is a type of lichen commonly found in North America. It is mostly found in boreal forests, growing on the ground or on rocks.
It has several common names, including angular gyrophora lichen, pinwheel lichen, and wheel lichen.
General Appearance
Gyrophora angulata can grow up to 5 cm in diameter and has a distinctive, pinwheel-like shape. It is mostly dark brown to black in color, but can also range from light gray to greenish-brown. The lobes of the lichen are narrow and angular, often overlapping each other, with a slightly concave or flat surface.
The underside of the lichen is smooth and cream-colored, with small, black dots that contain its reproductive structures.
Uses
In traditional medicine, Gyrophora angulata has been used as an herbal remedy for coughs and colds, as well as a natural source of antimicrobial compounds. It has also been used as a dye for wool and other textiles, producing a range of browns and grays.
While the lichen is not typically used as a food source for humans, it is an important winter forage for caribou and other grazing animals in the boreal forest ecosystem.
Growth Conditions for Gyrophora Angulata
Gyrophora angulata (Tuck.) Herre is a lichen species that is found in a wide range of habitats, including alpine regions, boreal forests, and coastal regions. It typically grows on soil, rocks, and tree trunks.
Light Conditions
Gyrophora angulata prefers a well-lit environment with about 40% to 60% shade. It can tolerate both direct and indirect sunlight, but prolonged exposure to the sun can be detrimental to its growth. Therefore, it is recommended to grow it in a partially shaded area, especially during the hot summer months.
Temperature Requirements
Like most lichen species, Gyrophora angulata grows in cold environments. It prefers a temperature range of 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F) but can withstand temperatures as low as -20°C (-4°F). High temperatures can cause damage to its thalli, and prolonged exposure to a warm environment can lead to the death of the lichen.
Soil Requirements
Gyrophora angulata can grow on a wide range of soils, but it prefers well-drained soils with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. It can tolerate nutrient-poor soils and can grow in areas with low organic matter content. However, it cannot tolerate waterlogged soils or soils with high salinity levels. The lichen can also grow on rocks, but it requires a substrate that is not too hard or too soft.
In summary, Gyrophora angulata is a versatile lichen species with specific growth requirements. It requires a moderate amount of shade, cold temperatures, and well-drained, nutrient-poor soils. These growth conditions should be met to ensure the successful cultivation of this lichen species.
Cultivation Methods
Gyrophora angulata (Tuck.) Herre is a lichen that grows on rocks and soil in alpine and subalpine regions. Therefore, cultivating this plant requires special conditions to be created. To cultivate Gyrophora angulata indoors, a substrate of soil mixed with a suitable substrate for lichen, like tree bark, must be prepared. The container must be large enough to allow the growth of the lichen and its associated fungus. The container must be kept in a shaded area, out of direct sunlight, and at a temperature between 40 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of Gyrophora angulata are low. The lichen obtains water and nutrients through its association with fungal hyphae and from precipitation. Thus, it is not necessary to water the lichen regularly. Overwatering can lead to fungal growth and death of the lichen. However, if the lichen does not receive adequate precipitation, a mist of clean, filtered water can be sprayed on it.
Fertilization
Gyrophora angulata does not require fertilization. The lichen obtains all its nutrients from its association with fungal hyphae and from the surrounding environment. Fertilizers and other chemical additives can harm the lichen and reduce its growth.
Pruning
Pruning is not required for Gyrophora angulata. The lichen grows slowly and generally maintains a uniform shape. If necessary, the lichen can be gently trimmed with a scissors or similar tool. However, excessive pruning can damage the lichen and reduce its growth.
Propagation of Gyrophora angulata
Gyrophora angulata (Tuck.) Herre, commonly known as the angular waxy lichen, can be propagated through various methods. This species belongs to the family Gyrophoraceae and is commonly found in Arctic and alpine regions. It is a slow-growing lichen that can take several decades to reach full size and maturity.
Propagating Gyrophora angulata through Fragmentation
Fragmentation is the most common method used to propagate Gyrophora angulata. In nature, this lichen can reproduce through self-fragmentation or fragmentation caused by environmental factors such as wind and water. To propagate this lichen, a small fragment of the thallus is taken and attached to a suitable substrate.
The substrate must be moist and contain the necessary nutrients for the lichen to grow. Suitable substrates for Gyrophora angulata include rocks, trees, and soil. The fragment should be attached to the substrate using a natural adhesive such as honey or tree sap. The fragment should then be left undisturbed until it has fully attached and established itself on the substrate.
Propagating Gyrophora angulata through Soredia
Gyrophora angulata can also be propagated through soredia. Soredia are small, dust-like structures that contain both fungal and algal cells. To propagate Gyrophora angulata through soredia, a small amount of soredia is collected from a mature thallus.
The soredia should be mixed with a suitable substrate and left undisturbed until they have established themselves. Suitable substrates for Gyrophora angulata include tree bark and soil. The soredia should be kept moist and exposed to light, which is necessary for the growth and establishment of this lichen species.
Conclusion
Gyrophora angulata is a slow-growing lichen species that can be propagated through fragmentation and soredia. Both methods require a suitable substrate and a controlled environment that mimics the natural habitat of this species. It is important to note that Gyrophora angulata is a protected species and must not be collected from the wild without proper permission and authorization.
Disease and Pest Management for Gyrophora angulata (Tuck.) Herre
Gyrophora angulata (Tuck.) Herre, commonly known as the "hooded lichen," is a slow-growing lichen that can be found in ecoregions ranging from the Arctic tundra to the alpine regions of the Rocky Mountains. While it is generally very hardy, it can be susceptible to several diseases and pests that can reduce its vigor and impede its growth. The following are some common diseases and pests that can affect this lichen and some ways to manage them.
Diseases
Absidia corymbifera: This fungus can cause an infection known as absidiomycosis, which can be fatal for Gyrophora angulata. Symptoms include a blackening and shriveling of the thallus. To manage absidiomycosis, remove infected tissue as soon as possible and limit environmental stresses such as drought or contamination.
Phoma herbarum: This fungus can cause yellowing or browning of the thallus, as well as necrosis and death of the lichen. To manage Phoma herbarum, remove infected tissue and improve the growing conditions for the lichen by adding more moisture and nutrients.
Pests
Lichen mites: These small mites can infest and feed on the thalli of the hooded lichen, leading to discoloration and deformation of the lichen. To manage lichen mites, use an insecticidal soap or horticultural oil to control the infestation.
Snails and slugs: These gastropods can also feed on the thalli of the hooded lichen, leading to decreased growth and vigor. Handpicking and removing these pests can help to manage the infestation.
Effective disease and pest management for Gyrophora angulata involves prompt identification and correct treatment of the problem. Regular monitoring and good cultural practices, such as proper watering and fertilization, can also help to prevent disease and pest problems before they occur.
