Overview
Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. is a unique plant species that belongs to the family Phyllanthaceae.
Origin
This plant is native to China and can be found in the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou.
Common Names
Gymnostemon zaizou is also known by the common names Bolo and Zhijin, among others.
Uses
The leaves and branches of this plant are used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat coughs, phlegm, and bronchitis. The plant contains a flavonoid called kaempferol, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
General Appearance
Gymnostemon zaizou is a shrub that can grow up to 6 meters tall. Its leaves are alternate and elliptical in shape, with a length of 4-9 cm. The plant produces small flowers that are greenish-yellow in color and are arranged in clusters. The fruit of the plant is a small, round capsule that contains 3 seeds.
Growth Conditions for Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. is a tropical plant with specific growth requirements. The following elements must be considered to ensure healthy growth:
Light
This plant requires bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can damage the leaves and hinder growth. It is best to place Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. near a window, exposed to light but not directly to the sun. However, it can also survive in low-light conditions but the growth will be slower.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. growth is between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). Temperatures below 13°C (55°F) should be avoided, as they can result in plant damage or death. High humidity should also be maintained, ideally between 40% to 60%. Any extreme temperature changes can lead to plant stress.
Soil Requirements
Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. requires well-draining, nutrient-rich soil. It needs soil that can retain water but not get too wet as this may lead to root rot. Soil needs to be watered occasionally allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. If the leaves turn yellow, this may indicate overwatering. A pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 is optimal for this plant.
Cultivation
Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. is native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia. So, it requires a warm and humid environment to grow. It can be grown indoors or in a greenhouse where the temperature ranges between 18°C to 25°C.
The plant prefers well-drained, loose, and fertile soil. It can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings.
Watering Needs
Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. needs consistent moisture. It is important to ensure that the soil is always moist but not waterlogged. Water the plant when the topsoil feels dry to the touch. Overwatering can cause root rot and damage the plant.
Fertilization
During the growing season, the plant requires regular feeding with a balanced fertilizer. Use a slow-release or liquid fertilizer every two to three weeks. It will help the plant to thrive and develop healthy foliage. Reduce the frequency of fertilization in the winter when the plant is dormant.
Pruning
The plant needs occasional pruning to maintain its shape and size. Prune the yellowed or damaged leaves and stems regularly. It will also help to encourage new growth. Cut back the old stems if they become too long or leggy to promote bushier growth. However, avoid over-pruning as it can weaken the plant's growth.
Propagation of Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. can be propagated by several methods:
Seed Propagation:
Seed propagation is a common method for Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. Seeds should be sown in well-draining soil mixed with organic matter. The seeds should be placed at a depth of 1-2 cm and kept moist. Germination may take 2-4 weeks. Once the seedlings are established, they should be transplanted into individual containers or directly into the ground.
Stem Cutting:
Stem cuttings can be taken from healthy, mature plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be taken from the tip of the stem and be around 7-10 cm long. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be dipped in a rooting hormone. They should then be placed in a well-draining, moist soil mix and kept in a warm, bright location. The cuttings should root in a few weeks and can be transplanted into individual pots.
Air Layering:
Air layering is another propagation method that can be used for Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. This method involves wrapping a section of the stem with moist sphagnum moss and securing it in place. Roots will develop in the moss, and the stem section can be cut and transplanted once the roots have formed.
Division:
Division is a propagation method that can be used for Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. clumps. The clump should be carefully dug up and separated into smaller sections, making sure that each section has roots attached. The sections can be replanted in individual containers or directly into the ground.
Disease Management
Gymnostemon zaizou is a hardy plant that can resist most diseases if grown under optimum conditions. However, some common diseases that may affect the plant include root rot, leaf spots, and powdery mildew. Root rots can be caused by over-watering, poorly-draining soils, or bacterial and fungal infections. Leaf spots, on the other hand, are fungal diseases that cause circular or irregular patterns on the leaves. Powdery mildew appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves and stems.
To manage root rot, avoid over-watering and ensure proper soil drainage. Use well-draining soils and pots with drainage holes. For leaf spots, use a fungicide to kill fungal infections. Remove heavily-infected leaves and avoid wetting the foliage. Powdery mildew can be prevented by avoiding high-humidity conditions and using a fungicide spray.
Pest Management
Gymnostemon zaizou is generally free of pests, but common pests that may occasionally affect the plant include mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects. Mealybugs and scale insects are tiny insects that feed on plant juices and can cause stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and wilting. Spider mites, on the other hand, are tiny arachnids that suck plant juices, causing discoloration and defoliation of the foliage.
To control mealybugs and scale insects, use a cotton swab or soft brush dipped in alcohol to remove the insects. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the pests. For spider mites, use a strong water spray to wash off the mites or use insecticidal soap or neem oil. Avoid using broad-spectrum pesticides as they may harm useful insects such as bees and ladybugs.
