Origin
Gunnera chilensis, also known as Giant Rhubarb, is a plant species from the genus Gunnera, which is native to Chile and Argentina. It thrives in cool, moist environments, such as alongside rivers, streams, and wetlands.
Common Names
Aside from Giant Rhubarb, Gunnera chilensis is also called Pukun (in Mapudungun, the Mapuche language), Chilean Nalca, and Nalca del sur.
Uses
Gunnera chilensis has been used for various purposes by different cultures. For instance, the Mapuche people of Chile and Argentina use its stem and leaf stalks to make traditional medicines for respiratory, digestive, and dermatological problems. They also consider it a sacred plant, using it in religious ceremonies, and incorporating its leaves into woven baskets, hats, and other handicrafts. Additionally, the plant's large leaves and prickly stems provide shelter and protection for aquatic wildlife.
General Appearance
Gunnera chilensis is a large, herbaceous perennial plant that can grow up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) tall and wide. It has huge, kidney-shaped leaves that can reach up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) in diameter, with deeply lobed edges that resemble the leaves of a Japanese maple. The leaves are green and glossy on the top and fuzzy and reddish-brown on the underside. The plant also produces stout, spiny stems that are reddish-brown in color and can grow up to 2.5 meters (8 feet) tall. Its flowers are small and greenish-yellow, arranged in long spikes that can reach up to 1 meter (3.3 feet) long.
hereLight Requirements
Gunnera chilensis Lam. is a plant that requires a lot of light. It thrives in areas with full or partial sun exposure. This plant can tolerate some shade, but it will not grow as well. To ensure optimal growth, place it in a location where it can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
Gunnera chilensis Lam. is a plant that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It prefers cool temperatures between 60°F to 75°F (15°C to 24°C). During the hotter months, it may wilt if it doesn't receive enough water. In colder regions, the plant may die back to the ground during the winter. If you live in an area with harsh winter conditions, consider mulching the plant to protect the crown.
Soil Requirements
Gunnera chilensis Lam. prefers a rich, well-draining soil that is consistently moist. The pH should be between 5.5 and 7. Soil that is too acidic or alkaline can affect the plant's ability to absorb nutrients. It is recommended to amend the soil with organic matter such as compost or aged manure to improve the soil's texture and nutrient content. Mulching can also help to retain moisture in the soil and prevent weed growth.
Cultivation methods
Gunnera chilensis Lam., also known as Chilean rhubarb, is a perennial plant that requires a cool and moist environment for optimal growth. It is native to South America and is ideal for cultivation in temperate regions with temperatures ranging between 15°C and 23°C. The ideal location for planting this plant is in partial shade, and it grows best in well-drained, fertile soils.
Watering needs
Gunnera chilensis requires constant moist soil, and therefore requires frequent watering during the growing season. The soil should never be allowed to dry out; however, overwatering can lead to root rot. The plant should be watered every other day during the summer season and reduced to once or twice a week during the winter season.
Fertilization
Gunnera chilensis is a heavy feeder, and therefore requires regular fertilization. The plant should be fertilized once every two months with a balanced fertilizer. The fertilizer should be applied in small amounts, spread evenly over the soil surface and dug in to ensure it penetrates the root zone. Alternatively, organic fertilizers such as compost can be applied during the growing season.
Pruning
Pruning is essential in maintaining the health and appearance of Gunnera chilensis. The plant can grow up to two meters tall, and the leaves up to two meters wide. Dead, diseased, or damaged leaves should be removed promptly to maintain the plant's vitality. The flowers of the plant should also be removed as they appear as this will redirect energy to the growth of the leaves. Pruning can be done at any time of the year, but it's usually done during the dormant months, i.e., winter, to promote healthy growth during the growing season.
Propagation of Gunnera chilensis Lam.
Gunnera chilensis Lam., commonly known as giant rhubarb, is a herbaceous perennial plant that is native to the Chilean and Argentinian Andes. This plant is well-known for its large leaves that can grow up to 2.5 meters in diameter.
Seed Propagation
One way to propagate Gunnera chilensis is through seed propagation. The seeds should be harvested when the fruit turns brown and starts to split open. They should be sown in a seed tray or pot filled with a mix of equal parts of peat and sand. The soil should be kept moist but not wet. Germination can take up to six weeks, and seedlings should be transplanted into individual pots once they are big enough to handle.
Division Propagation
Another propagation method is by division. This is best done in spring when the plant is actively growing. Dig up the plant and separate the rhizomes into sections, each with several shoots and a healthy root system. Replant the sections in a well-prepared bed filled with rich, moist soil. The roots should be covered and the stems placed just above ground level. Water the newly planted sections well and keep the soil moist but not waterlogged until new growth appears.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Gunnera chilensis. Take 20 cm long cuttings from the mature stem, insert them vertically into a pot filled with peat and sand, and cover them with a plastic bag to maintain high humidity. The cuttings should root in about six weeks, and they can be transplanted into individual pots once they are well-established.
With proper care, Gunnera chilensis plants will grow quickly and have a very long lifespan.
Disease Management
Gunnera chilensis Lam. is susceptible to several diseases that can affect the plant's growth and development. The following are some of the common diseases that may affect the plant:
- Leaf spot disease: This disease is caused by a fungus and appears as small circular spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and stem, avoid overcrowding, and improve air circulation.
- Crown rot disease: This disease is also caused by a fungus and affects the stem's base. It may cause the plant to wilt and eventually die. To manage this disease, remove infected parts of the plant, improve soil drainage, and avoid overwatering.
- Mildew: Powdery mildew appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers. To manage this disease, ensure adequate sunlight penetration, avoid overcrowding, and improve air circulation.
Pest Management
Gunnera chilensis Lam. is also susceptible to several pests that can affect the plant's growth and development. The following are some common pests that may affect the plant:
- Aphids: Aphids suck the plant's sap, causing yellowing of the leaves and stunted growth. To manage aphids, you can use insecticidal soap or spray the plant with a strong jet of water to remove the pests.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars eat the plant's leaves, affecting its growth and development. To manage caterpillars, pick them off by hand or use an insecticide.
- Slugs and snails: These pests eat the plant's leaves and stems, leaving large holes in them. To manage slugs and snails, you can set up traps or use bait that attracts them. You can also apply a copper barrier around the plants' base to prevent them from reaching the plant.
Regular inspection of your Gunnera chilensis Lam. plants is essential in ensuring that they are healthy and free of pests and diseases. By maintaining proper growing conditions, you can help prevent most of these problems from happening.
