Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr.
Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. is a lichenized fungus that belongs to the family Graphidaceae. It is commonly referred to as "fringed bat lichen". The plant is native to North America and can be found growing on the bark of trees in various regions across the continent.
General Appearance
Graphis subamylacea has a crustose thallus that is grey or dark brown in color. The lichen's apothecia are rounded and protrude from the surface of the thallus. These apothecia have a raised margin, and a thalline exciple that extends to the margin, forming a fringed appearance. The lichen's upper surface has large and irregular shaped pits which are caused by the erosion of the thallus due to the lichen's saxicolous nature.
Uses
Graphis subamylacea is not known to have any significant medicinal or commercial uses. However, as with other lichens, it may play an important ecological role in the ecosystem as a source of food and shelter for animals such as birds, insects, and small mammals.
Light
Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. grows best in areas with partial shade. It is not tolerant of direct sunlight, and exposure to too much light can damage the thallus. In its natural habitat, it often grows under the canopy of trees or on rocks protected from direct sunlight.
Temperature
The temperature requirements of Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. vary depending on the location. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, from 15°C to 30°C, but it prefers temperatures between 20°C and 25°C. It is not tolerant of extreme temperature changes, and sudden drops in temperature can damage the thallus.
Soil
Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. can grow on a variety of substrates, including rocks, bark, and soil. However, it prefers humid environments, and the substrate should be moist but not waterlogged. The pH of the substrate should be slightly acidic, between 5.5 and 6.5.
Cultivation for Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr.
The Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. thrives and develops well in an environment that replicates its natural environment. Hence, it is best to plant it in natural habitats such as in tree trunks or similar areas with appropriate humidity and light.
To propagate the plant, it is best to transplant the plant with the bark of the tree as the substrate, rather than soil. This planting method mimics its natural growth habit.
Watering Needs for Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr.
The watering needs for the Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. are relatively lower than other plant species. The plant prefers high humidity levels, but not water-logged soil. Hence, it is best to water it when the top layer of the substrate dries out.
Additionally, the plant thrives in misty environments, which makes it perfect for growing in a terrarium or vivarium.
Fertilization for Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr.
Fertilization is not necessary for the Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. It can derive its nutrition from the surrounding environment and does not need fertilizer to grow well.
However, if you intend to fertilize this plant, it would be best to use a natural organic fertilizer with low nutrient content. Be mindful that over-fertilization can damage the plant roots.
Pruning Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr.
Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. does not require pruning as it grows slowly and primarily focuses on reproducing via its vegetative process. However, the plant may require trimming or removing some parts if they are overgrown or damaged.
If you need to trim the plant, please use sterile tools to prevent the spread of diseases. Additionally, pruning is best done during the active growing season to prevent the plant from sustaining further damage.
Propagation of Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr.
Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr., commonly known as the lichen, is a slow-growing species that reproduces through vegetative and sexual methods. Propagating this species can be quite challenging as it requires specific environmental conditions.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is the easiest way to propagate Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. This method involves taking a piece of the lichen and attaching it to the preferred substrate. The substrate should be moist, porous, and non-acidic as this species thrives in such conditions. It is essential to ensure the substrate has enough water as the lichen requires a specific amount of moisture to grow. A high humidity environment is also necessary to ensure the lichen can establish.
Sexual Propagation
Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. also produces reproductive structures known as apothecia which contain ascospores. These ascospores are released into the air and can settle on a suitable substrate. Once settled, the ascospores will germinate, leading to the development of new individuals. Sexual propagation is more challenging than vegetative propagation as it requires specific environmental conditions, including sufficient sunlight and moisture.
In conclusion, propagation of Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. requires careful attention to specific environmental conditions. Vegetative propagation by taking a piece of the lichen and attaching it to a moist, non-acidic substrate is the easiest method while sexual propagation can be more difficult. With the correct environmental conditions, however, propagating this species can result in beautiful and unique additions to any garden or landscape.
Disease and Pest Management for Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr.
Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. is a lichen species that can be affected by disease and pests. Proper management practices can help prevent or control these issues, allowing the plant to thrive. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect Graphis subamylacea and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal disease that causes leaf spots, necrosis, and defoliation. To manage this disease, it is essential to ensure that the plant has good air circulation and avoid allowing the foliage to remain wet for extended periods. Fungicides can also be used to manage Anthracnose, but it is essential to select one that is labeled for use on lichens and follow the application instructions carefully to avoid damaging the plant.
2. Lichenomphalia umbellifera: Lichenomphalia umbellifera is a fungal disease that causes black spots on the lichen, leading to the death of the plant. To manage this disease, it is important to remove any dead or infected material from the plant and avoid overwatering as it can promote fungal growth. Fungicides can be used in severe cases, but it is important to follow the instructions and not use more than the recommended amount.
Pests
1. Scale insects: Scale insects are common pests that attack lichens. They appear as small bumps on the surface of the lichen and can cause yellowing, stunted growth, and death. To control scale insects, it is important to maintain good sanitation practices, avoid over-fertilization, and use horticultural oils or insecticidal soaps to kill the pests.
2. Snails and Slugs: Snails and slugs feed on the lichen's surface, leaving behind a slimy residue. To manage these pests, you can handpick them or use slug and snail bait. It is important to read the label instructions carefully and avoid using chemicals that are toxic to lichens.
Implementing proper disease and pest management practices can help prevent or control these issues, promoting the health and growth of Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr.
