General Information
Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. pubistipula Fosberg is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Rhamnaceae. It is an endemic plant that is native to Hawaii, specifically found in dry to mesic forests.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as aulu, a native Hawaiian name that refers to a small tree or shrub. It is also known as Hawaiian muslinwood, nodding muslinwood, or koaie in English.
Description
The aulu tree can grow up to 20 feet tall, but it typically ranges from 5 to 10 feet in height. It has an open or spreading crown, and its trunk can measure up to 10 inches in diameter. The bark is thin and smooth, ranging from a greenish-gray to brownish color. The young shoots are covered in fine hairs that are silvery-white in color.
The leaves of this plant are elliptical, 4-9 cm long, and are arranged alternately along the stems. They are shiny green on the upper surface and paler on the lower surface. The leaves have a pointed tip, and the leaf margins are finely serrated.
The flowers of aulu are small, with a diameter of only 2 to 3 mm. They are arranged in clusters at the end of branches and have five white or pale pink petals. The plant produces a small, round, reddish-brown fruit that contains a single seed.
Uses
Aulu has several traditional medicinal uses. The leaves and bark were used by Native Hawaiians to treat stomach pain, coughs, and colds. The plant was also used as a laxative and to soothe skin irritations and wounds.
In addition to its medicinal properties, the wood of aulu was used by Hawaiians to make spears, paddles, and other tools. The bark was used to make a type of cordage, and the leaves were used to decorate leis.
Today, aulu is still used in traditional Hawaiian medicine and is being studied for its potential as a natural treatment for diabetes and other diseases.
Light Requirements
Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. pubistipula Fosberg, commonly known as Gouldia, requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. The plant can adapt to different light conditions but performs best under bright sunlight. Insufficient light can lead to stunted growth and reduced flower production.
Temperature Requirements
Gouldia grows well in warm temperatures. The plant is native to the Hawaiian islands where it thrives in warm and humid conditions. The ideal temperature range for Gouldia growth is between 62°F- 78°F (17°C- 25°C). Temperatures below 55°F (12°C) can cause the plant to become dormant, while extreme heat above 90°F (32°C) with low humidity can cause leaf drop.
Soil Requirements
Gouldia terminalis requires well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant is adapted to a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, or volcanic soils. Good aeration is essential for the plant's root growth and development. Gouldia is relatively drought-tolerant but performs best when watered regularly, particularly during dry seasons. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Cultivation
Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. pubistipula Fosberg is native to Hawaii and grows well in tropical climates. It is a relatively low-maintenance plant that can thrive in both full sun and partial shade. It can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings.
Watering Needs
Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. pubistipula Fosberg requires regular watering, especially during the hot summer months. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged to avoid root rot. It is best to water early in the morning or late in the afternoon to prevent water from evaporating before the plant has a chance to absorb it.
Fertilization
To promote healthy growth and flowering, Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. pubistipula Fosberg should be fertilized every 2-3 months using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing as this can result in weak growth and may even damage the roots.
Pruning
Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. pubistipula Fosberg should be pruned occasionally to remove dead or damaged branches and promote new growth. It is best to prune during the plant's dormant season, which is usually in the winter. Pruning can also help control the plant's size and shape, but be careful not to remove too much foliage as this can weaken the plant.
Propagation of Gouldia terminalis var. pubistipula
Gouldia terminalis var. pubistipula is a type of shrub that is native to Hawaii. It is also known as the Ko'oko'olau and is a member of the pea family. Propagation of this plant can be achieved through several methods, including seed propagation, cuttings, layering, and grafting.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is a common method used for propagation of Gouldia terminalis var. pubistipula. The seeds can be collected from mature plants and should be planted in a well-draining seed mix. The seeds germinate within 2-4 weeks, and after germination, they must be transplanted to individual pots.
Cuttings
Cuttings are also a good method for propagating Gouldia terminalis var. pubistipula. The cuttings should be taken from the new growth of the plant and should be around 6 inches in length. Remove all the leaves from the bottom half of the cutting and dip it in rooting hormone. Insert the cutting into a well-draining potting mix and keep it moderately moist. The cuttings will root within 4-6 weeks.
Layering
Layering is another method for propagating Gouldia terminalis var. pubistipula. In this method, a low branch of the plant is chosen, and a small notch is made in the stem. The notch should be about 1 inch long. Apply rooting hormone to the notch, and then cover it with soil. Leave the branch on the plant, and the roots will develop at the notch. After a few months, the rooted branch can be cut from the parent plant and transplanted.
Grafting
Grafting is a method of propagation that involves joining a stem or bud from one plant onto another plant. It is often used for plants that are difficult to propagate through other methods. In the case of Gouldia terminalis var. pubistipula, grafting onto related species is possible but not commonly done.
Disease Management for Gouldia Terminalis
Gouldia Terminalis is susceptible to various diseases that can cause significant damage to the plant. Below are some common diseases that might affect the plant:
Bacterial Leaf Spot
Bacterial Leaf Spot is a disease that causes black spots on the leaves, eventually leading to defoliation. It can be managed by removing the affected leaves and spraying the plant with copper-based fungicides.
Root Rot
Root Rot causes the plant to wilt, turn yellow, and eventually die. It is caused by fungal pathogens that thrive in damp soil. To manage root rot, ensure proper drainage and do not over-water the plant. Apply fungicides as a preventive measure.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery Mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery substance on the leaves. It can be prevented by ensuring adequate spacing between the plants to allow for proper air circulation, controlling humidity levels, and applying fungicides.
Pest Management for Gouldia Terminalis
Gouldia Terminalis is also susceptible to various pests that can lead to significant damage and even death. Below are some common pests that might affect the plant and how to manage them:
Whiteflies
Whiteflies suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to yellow and eventually fall off. They can be managed by spraying the plant with insecticides, applying insecticidal soap, or introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs.
Scale Insects
Scale insects attach themselves to the leaves and stems of the plant, sucking nutrients from them and causing stunted growth. They can be managed by removing the affected parts and spraying the plant with insecticides or horticultural oils.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars feed on the leaves of the plant, causing irregular holes and defoliation. They can be managed by manually removing them or spraying the plant with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a natural bacteria that kills caterpillars.
