Overview
Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. macrothyrsa Fosberg is an evergreen shrub belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is commonly known as the Hawaiian maile tree, which is a reference to its fragrant leaves that are used for traditional Hawaiian lei-making practices. Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa is a rare and endangered variety of the species that is found only in a few locations on the Hawaiian Islands.Appearance
Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa is a small to medium-sized shrub that can grow up to 6 meters tall. Its leaves are dark green, leathery, and glossy, with a pointed end and a rounded base. The leaves are arranged in an alternate fashion on the branches, and they give off a distinct fragrance when crushed or bruised. The flowers of the plant are small and yellow, and they are found in clusters at the end of the branches. The fruit of the plant is a legume that contains several seeds.Habitat and Distribution
Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa is native to Hawaii, where it is found in a few locations on the islands of Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii. The shrub is typically found in dry to mesic forests and shrublands, and it grows at elevations ranging from sea level to 1400 meters.Uses
The fragrant leaves of Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa are commonly used for lei-making in Hawaii. The leaves are also used in traditional Hawaiian medicine for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the wood of the shrub is hard and durable, making it suitable for use in construction and woodworking. However, due to its endangered status, harvesting and use of the plant is strictly regulated in Hawaii.Growth Conditions of Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa
Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa is a perennial shrub native to the Channel Islands of California. This plant is adapted to grow in a variety of environments including coastal bluffs, chaparral, and oak woodlands. To successfully grow this plant, several growth conditions must be met:
Light
Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa requires full sun exposure for optimal growth. A minimum of six hours of sunlight per day is necessary, although this plant can tolerate partial shade for short periods. In areas with hot summer temperatures, some afternoon shade may be beneficial to prevent stress on the plant.
Temperature
This plant thrives in mild coastal climates, with temperatures between 55 and 75°F. During the winter months, temperatures below freezing can cause damage to the plant. However, Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa can tolerate occasional heatwaves and drought conditions, as long as it is well established.
Soil Requirements
Gouldia terminalis var. macrothyrsa is adaptable to a wide range of soils, including sandy and rocky soils. However, this plant prefers well-draining soils that are moderately fertile. It is important to avoid soils that are heavily compacted, as this can restrict root growth and lead to poor plant health.
To ensure optimal growth, it can be beneficial to amend the soil with organic matter such as compost or aged manure before planting. Additionally, a layer of mulch around the base of the plant can help retain moisture and prevent weed growth.
Cultivation of Gouldia Terminalis Var. Macrothyrsa Fosberg
Gouldia Terminalis Var. Macrothyrsa Fosberg is a plant native to the Hawaiian Islands and requires specific conditions for its cultivation. To cultivate this plant successfully, you need to consider the following factors:
Sunlight
This plant requires full sunlight to grow and thrive. Ensure that you place it in an area where it can access at least six hours of sunlight every day. The plant thrives in warm climates, so it is essential to consider this factor before planting it.
Soil requirements and planting
Plant the Gouldia Terminalis Var. Macrothyrsa Fosberg in well-draining soil rich in organic matter. The soil needs to be fertile and slightly acidic to create a conducive environment for the plant's growth. When planting, ensure that it has enough space for the roots to grow to avoid stunted growth in the future.
Watering needs
Never let the plant dry out completely. Water the Gouldia Terminalis Var. Macrothyrsa Fosberg thoroughly, ensuring that the soil remains consistently moist. The plant requires frequent watering, especially during hot, dry weather conditions.
Fertilizing
For optimal growth, fertilize the plant regularly using appropriate fertilizers. Use balanced fertilizers with equal nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus levels. Apply the fertilizers following the package instructions to avoid over-fertilizing the plant, which can lead to stunted growth.
Pruning
Pruning the plant is essential to encourage bushier growth. Prune your Gouldia Terminalis Var. Macrothyrsa Fosberg regularly to encourage new branches' growth. When pruning, ensure that you use clean, sharp pruning tools to avoid damaging the plant.
By following these cultivation and care tips, you can successfully grow and maintain your Gouldia Terminalis Var. Macrothyrsa Fosberg plant. It will reward you with its beautiful display of foliage and fragrant flowers.
Propagating Gouldia Terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. Macrothyrsa Fosberg
Gouldia Terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. Macrothyrsa Fosberg is commonly known as "ma'oloa" or "pua ma'o hau hele" in Hawaii. This plant is typically propagated through the following methods:
Seed Propagation
Gouldia Terminalis can be propagated by seed. The seeds are collected from the ripe fruit of the plant. The fruit should be harvested when they are fully matured and have become yellow in color. The fruit can be collected by hand or shaken off the plant onto a tarp. Afterward, you can remove the seeds from the fruit by gently rubbing them between your fingers and separating the seeds from the pulp. Once you have the seeds, plant them in well-drained soil with organic matter. The seeds need to be planted at a depth of about a quarter of an inch. Make sure to water the seeds regularly to keep the soil moist.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is another method for propagating Gouldia Terminalis. Take stem cuttings of 6 inches in length with at least two nodes. The best time to take the cuttings is during the early spring when the plant is actively growing. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the stem with a sharp knife. Afterward, dip the bottom of the stem cuttings into a rooting hormone. After this, place them in a well-draining potting mix and ensure you keep the soil moist to ensure proper growth.
Division Propagation
Gouldia Terminalis can also be propagated by division in early spring. To do this, carefully remove the plant from the ground and separate the roots with a sharp knife. Afterward, you can replant the divided clumps in well-draining soil with organic matter, water them regularly and provide them with adequate sunlight.
Disease Management
Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. macrothyrsa Fosberg is relatively resistant to diseases, but the following diseases can affect the plant:
- Leaf Blight: This fungal disease causes dark brown spots on the plant's leaves, which can spread and cause defoliation. The disease spreads easily in wet and humid conditions.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease causes white powdery growth on the upper surface of the leaves. It can cause stunted growth and even death in severe cases.
- Root Rot: Root rot is caused by various fungi that attack the plant's roots, causing them to rot. The plants can wilt and die due to lack of water and nutrients.
To manage these diseases, one should practice good sanitation, keep the plant well-watered, and use fungicides when necessary. In the case of leaf blight and powdery mildew, pruning infected leaves and maintaining good air circulation can help control the spread of the disease.
Pest Management
Although Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hbd. var. macrothyrsa Fosberg is relatively resistant to pests, the following pests can affect the plant:
- Spider Mites: These tiny insects thrive in hot and dry conditions and can cause yellowing and stippling on the leaves. They also produce webbing on the leaves.
- Scale Insects: Scale insects are small and oval and typically feed on the undersides of leaves. They can cause yellowing, stunted growth, and leaf drop.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant fluids. They can cause leaf yellowing, stunted growth, and wilting.
To manage these pests, one should practice good sanitation, keep the plant well-watered, and use insecticides when necessary. In the case of spider mites, spraying the plants with a strong jet of water can knock off a significant number of mites. Scale insects can be treated with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap. Mealybugs can be managed by dabbing them with alcohol or using insecticidal soap.
