Overview: Gossampinus angulicarpa (Ulbr.) Bakh.
Gossampinus angulicarpa, commonly known as the Chinese cork oak or yi mu cao in Chinese, belongs to the family Fagaceae. It is an evergreen tree with corky bark, originating in China. The plant has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries for its medicinal values.
Appearance:
The tree can grow up to 30 meters tall, with a trunk diameter range of 60-100 cm. It has a cylindrical trunk with greyish bark that flakes off in patches, revealing orange-brown bark underneath. Its leaves are simple, alternate and evergreen, with a glossy dark green upper surface and light green undersides. The leaves are elongated, oval-shaped, and dentate. Its flowers are either male or female, located on the same tree, and are green and inconspicuous. The tree produces an edible acorn.
Uses:
Gossampinus angulicarpa has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine for various ailments. The plant is used to boost the immune system, treat inflammation, and promote blood circulation. It is also used to relieve pain, reduce fever, and alleviate coughs. The bark and leaves of the plant are used to treat skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. The acorns produced by the tree are edible and are used in traditional Chinese cooking.
Beyond its medicinal properties, the plant is also a valuable source of cork. The cork is harvested every nine years, without harming the tree, and is used to make various products such as cork flooring and wine stoppers. In addition, the wood of the tree is used for furniture, flooring, and construction.
The tree is also planted as an ornamental and provides shade in parks and streets. Its evergreen foliage and attractive bark are a popular feature in landscaping.
Light Requirements
Gossampinus angulicarpa thrives in moderate to full sunlight. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. Lack of sufficient light can lead to stunted growth and reduced plant vigor. If planting indoors, ensure that the plant is placed near a window or under artificial light that mimics natural sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This plant grows best in warm temperate climates where the temperature ranges from 18°C to 27°C. It can tolerate a minimum temperature of 7°C, but it will not thrive in colder regions or areas with prolonged frost. If planting in cooler regions, protect the plant by covering it with a blanket during cold nights to reduce frost damage.
Soil Requirements
Gossampinus angulicarpa requires well-drained and fertile soil. The ideal soil pH range is 6.0 to 7.5. Additionally, the soil should be rich in organic matter for optimal growth. Avoid soils that are prone to waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. If the soil is poor, incorporate organic matter, such as compost, manure, or peat moss, to improve the soil's fertility and drainage.
Cultivation
Gossampinus angulicarpa is drought-tolerant and prefers well-draining soil. It is adaptable to a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. It can grow in partial shade and full sun, but it prefers full sun for optimal growth.
Watering Needs
Gossampinus angulicarpa requires moderate watering during its growing season. It is important to allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings, as overwatering can lead to root rot. During the winter months, watering should be reduced to once every two weeks.
Fertilization
Gossampinus angulicarpa benefits from regular fertilization during its growing season. A balanced, slow-release fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 NPK mixture, applied every 4-6 weeks, will provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth. Avoid fertilizing during the winter months, as growth is typically slower during this time.
Pruning
The best time to prune Gossampinus angulicarpa is during its dormant period in late winter or early spring. Remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches with sharp, clean pruning shears. To maintain its natural shape, prune lightly, removing only a few inches of growth. Heavy pruning should be avoided, as it can weaken the tree and reduce its ability to produce fruit.
Propagation of Gossampinus angulicarpa Plant
Gossampinus angulicarpa (Ulbr.) Bakh., a plant native to Sumatra, Malaysia, and Borneo, can be propagated through a variety of methods including:
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Gossampinus angulicarpa should be collected once the fruit capsule has dried and split open. The seeds should be soaked in water for two days to remove the pulp. Afterward, they should be washed, dried, and sown in a well-draining potting mix. The seeds should be lightly covered with soil and kept in a warm, humid location with temperatures between 25-30 degrees Celsius. The seeds usually take about 6-8 weeks to germinate.
Cuttings
Gossampinus angulicarpa can also be propagated through cuttings, specifically semi-hardwood cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from the current season's growth and should have at least two nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone before being planted in a well-draining potting mix. The cuttings should be kept in a warm, humid location with temperatures between 25-30 degrees Celsius. Rooting usually takes about 6-8 weeks.
Air Layering
Air layering can also be used to propagate Gossampinus angulicarpa. This method involves making a wound on a stem and covering it with rooting hormone and moist sphagnum moss. The moss is then covered in plastic to create a humid environment. After roots have formed, the branch can be cut off and planted in a well-draining potting mix.
Grafting
Grafting is another propagation method used for Gossampinus angulicarpa. This method involves attaching a cutting or bud from the desired plant onto a compatible rootstock. Successful grafts result in faster growth and more vigorous plants, making it a popular method for commercial growers.
Disease Management for Gossampinus angulicarpa (Ulbr.) Bakh.
Gossampinus angulicarpa is generally a hardy plant with few disease problems. However, there are a few diseases that may affect it. The most common diseases that affect the plant include:
- Leaf spot disease: This is a fungal disease that appears as small circular spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove and destroy the affected leaves immediately and ensure that the plant is not overwatered.
- Powdery mildew: This is a fungal disease that affects the foliage and causes a white powdery coating to appear on the surface of the leaves. To manage this disease, prune the affected branches and improve air circulation around the plant.
- Root rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant, leading to wilting and collapse of the plant. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure that the soil is well-drained.
Pest Management for Gossampinus angulicarpa (Ulbr.) Bakh.
Gossampinus angulicarpa is also prone to pest infestations. Some common pests that attack the plant include:
- Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of the plant and cause the leaves to distort and wilt. To manage this pest, use a strong jet of water to wash off the infestation or apply insecticidal soap.
- Mites: These are tiny arachnids that feed on the leaves of the plant and cause them to yellow and drop prematurely. To manage this pest, prune the affected branches and apply insecticidal soap.
- Caterpillars: These are larvae of moths and butterflies that feed on the leaves of the plant and cause defoliation. To manage this pest, handpick the caterpillars or use Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) insecticide.
