Overview
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. is a perennial plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It is an evergreen plant that grows up to 1 meter in height and has a woody base. It is native to Angola and is also found in other countries of Southern Africa.
Common Names
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. is commonly known as Angola Tongue, Angola Milkweed, and Angola Raintree.
Uses
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. has various uses in traditional medicine. Its roots and leaves are used to treat various ailments such as snakebites, stomach pains, and headaches. Studies have also shown that it possesses antimalarial and antibacterial properties. The plant is also used in Angola for treating constipation and malaria.
General Appearance
The leaves of Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. are simple, elliptic or oblong in shape, and measure 6-15 cm long and 2-5 cm wide. The undersides of the leaves are a paler green, while the upper surfaces are shiny and dark green. The flowers are small and star-shaped, and are produced in tight clusters at the end of the stems. The clusters of flowers are surrounded by a pair of long-pointed bracts. The fruit is a slender, pointed pod that measures around 15 cm in length. When ripe, the pod splits open to reveal numerous seeds that are covered with silky, white hairs.
Growth Conditions of Glossostelma angolensis Schltr.
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. is typically found growing in the understory of forests or along riverbanks in its native range. As a result, it has adapted to thrive in conditions that are partially shaded and have consistently moist soil.
Light Requirements
The plant requires partial shade for optimal growth. It can, however, withstand direct sunlight for short periods of time. If the plant is grown in an area with insufficient light, it will result in stunted growth.
Temperature Requirements
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. prefers warm temperatures, usually between 18 - 28°C, and can tolerate mild frosts. Temperatures below 10°C will significantly affect the growth and development of the plant.
Soil Requirements
The plant needs moist and well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients. The ideal soil pH is acidic to slightly acidic and should be between 5.5 - 6.5. The plant is not tolerant of saline or waterlogged soils.
It is essential to supplement the soil with organic matter such as compost regularly to provide the plant with nutrients.
With proper and consistent care, Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. can grow up to 30cm tall and can bloom beautiful, fragrant, creamy-white flowers.
Cultivation of Glossostelma angolensis Schltr.
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr., also referred to as Angola swallow-wort, is a tropical plant that requires a warm environment to grow. It is easy to cultivate, making it a great option for both experienced and inexperienced gardeners. Here are some important cultivation methods to keep in mind:
- Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. requires well-draining soil that allows excess water to drain away from the roots. The planting area should be sunny, with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
- The planting hole should be approximately twice the size of the root ball to allow for proper rooting.
- It is best to plant Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. during the wet season, from May to September, to ensure proper establishment.
Watering Needs of Glossostelma angolensis Schltr.
Proper watering is critical to the growth and health of Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. To ensure that the plant is well-watered:
- Water the plant deeply, but infrequently, to encourage deep root growth.
- During the wet season, you may need to water less frequently, as the plant may receive sufficient moisture from rainfall.
- However, during periods of drought, regular watering is necessary to prevent the plant from drying out.
Fertilization of Glossostelma angolensis Schltr.
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. responds well to regular fertilization. However, it is essential to ensure that the plant is receiving the appropriate nutrients:
- Use a balanced fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to promote healthy growth.
- Fertilize every two weeks during the growing season, reducing to once a month during the dormant period.
- Avoid over-fertilization, as it can damage the roots and leaves of the plant.
Pruning of Glossostelma angolensis Schltr.
Pruning helps to keep Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. in good shape and promotes healthy growth. Here are some important pruning tips:
- Prune the plant in early spring before new growth starts to appear.
- Remove any damaged or dead stems to prevent the plant from wasting energy trying to repair them.
- Trim back any unwanted or overgrown branches to encourage new growth and maintain the desired shape of the plant.
Propagation of Glossostelma angolensis Schltr.
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. can be propagated through various methods, including:
Seeds
Seeds from a mature plant can be collected and sown in a well-draining soil mix. The seeds should be lightly covered with soil and kept under a misting system or in a humid environment to promote germination. Germination can take up to a few weeks, so patience is required.
Cuttings
Softwood cuttings can also be taken from a mature plant during the growing season. Cuttings should be taken from the tip of the stem and should be around 4-6 inches long with a few leaves attached. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a sterile, well-draining soil mix. They should be watered regularly and kept in a humid environment to promote root growth.
Air Layering
Air layering can also be used to propagate Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. This involves making a small incision in the stem and wrapping it in a damp sphagnum moss or a similar rooting medium. The moss should be wrapped in plastic to retain moisture and left until roots begin to form. Once roots have formed, the new plant can be cut from the donor plant and potted in a well-draining soil mix.
DIVISION
Another method of propagation is division. This can be done during the growing season when the plant has become large enough to be divided. The plant should be gently lifted from its container, and the root ball separated into smaller plants. Each new plant should have an adequate root system and some foliage to support growth. The newly divided plants can then be potted in well-draining soil mix and watered regularly.
Disease and Pest Management for Glossostelma angolensis Schltr.
Glossostelma angolensis Schltr., commonly known as "Climbing Milkweed," is a beautiful and exotic plant that requires proper care to thrive. One of the important aspects of maintaining this plant is to keep it free from diseases and pests. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora glossostelmae and is characterized by yellow to brown spots on the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves may fall off, and the plant may die. To manage leaf spot, remove the infected leaves and dispose of them. Apply a fungicide to prevent the spread of the disease. Avoid overhead watering, which can promote the growth of fungus.
Rust: Rust is another fungal disease that affects Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. It appears as yellow-orange powdery spots on the leaves, stem, and flowers of the plant. To manage rust, remove the infected parts of the plant and dispose of them. Apply a fungicide to prevent the spread of the disease. Ensure that the plant is receiving adequate sunshine and air circulation to prevent moisture buildup.
Pests
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny insects that can infest the plant and cause the leaves to wilt and turn yellow. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a solution of neem oil and water or insecticidal soap. Remove the heavily infested parts of the plant and dispose of them. Ensure that the plant is receiving sufficient moisture and humidity to prevent the growth of spider mites.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small white insects that can hide in the crevices of the plant and feed on the sap. They cause the leaves to turn yellow, stunt the plant's growth, and produce a sticky residue. To manage mealybugs, spray the plant with a solution of alcohol and water or insecticidal soap. Wipe the leaves with a damp cloth to remove the insects. Ensure that the plant is receiving proper ventilation and sunlight to prevent the growth of mealybugs.
In conclusion, maintaining a Glossostelma angolensis Schltr. plant free from diseases and pests requires a regular inspection, proper care, and timely management of any issues. By following the suggestions mentioned above, you can keep your plant healthy and thriving for a long time.
