Overview of Geranium pilosum
Geranium pilosum, commonly known as hairy geranium, is a perennial plant that belongs to the Geraniaceae family. The plant is native to parts of Europe and Asia, including Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. It is known for its unique and attractive appearance and has several uses in traditional medicine.
General Appearance
The hairy geranium grows up to 50cm in height and has a basal rosette of deeply divided, hairy leaves that are green in color. The leaves have five or more lobes and are hairy on both sides. The plant produces small, pinkish-purple flowers that bloom in early summer. The flowers are held on wiry stems that emerge from the center of the rosette of leaves.
Common Names
Geranium pilosum is commonly known as hairy geranium, stork's bill, and hairy crane's-bill. The plant is also known as 'Tavas zamba??' in Turkey, which translates to 'Tavas's lily' in English.
Uses
The hairy geranium has several traditional medicinal uses. In Iran, the plant is used to treat wounds and skin infections. It is also used to relieve coughs and sore throats. The plant's leaves are made into a tea and used as a natural remedy for diarrhea and digestive problems. In traditional Georgian medicine, the plant's roots are used as a pain reliever and to treat menstrual problems.
Aside from its medicinal uses, hairy geranium is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant. The plant's attractive flowers and foliage make it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes. Its ability to tolerate drought and its low maintenance needs make it an easy plant to grow.
Light Requirements
Geranium pilosum prefers bright, indirect light or partial shade. It can tolerate some direct sunlight but may suffer from scorching in extremely hot afternoons. Ensure the plant receives at least 6 hours of sunlight daily but avoid exposing it to direct midday sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This plant grows well in temperate regions with moderate temperatures ranging from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. It can withstand colder conditions but not below 10 degrees Celsius. It is advisable to bring the plant indoors during winter or provide some form of insulation.
Soil Requirements
Geranium pilosum thrives in well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH level of 6 to 6.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter, porous, and loamy to prevent waterlogging and enhance root growth. Use a mix of peat moss, perlite, and sandy loam soil in equal parts to optimize the plant's growth.
Cultivation of Geranium Pilosum
Geranium pilosum is a hardy perennial that is easy to grow and care for. To ensure successful cultivation, you need to provide the right growing conditions. This includes the right soil, sunlight, and water.
Soil
Geranium pilosum prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. The soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients. You can amend the soil with compost or aged manure before planting.
Sunlight
Geranium pilosum needs full sunlight to grow and flower. Find a spot in your garden that receives at least six hours of sunlight daily.
Watering
Although Geranium pilosum is drought-tolerant, it needs regular watering during the growing season. Water deeply once a week to encourage deep root growth. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
To encourage healthy growth and blooming, fertilize Geranium pilosum once a month during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer, or a fertilizer specifically formulated for flowering plants. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rates.
Pruning
Prune Geranium pilosum after it has finished blooming to encourage bushier growth and more flowers. Cut back the stems by one-third, making the cut just above a healthy leaf.
Propagation of Geranium pilosum
Geranium pilosum, commonly known as Hairy Geranium, is a drought-tolerant and low-maintenance perennial plant that can be propagated by various methods:
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method used to propagate Geranium pilosum. The seeds can be easily obtained from mature plants during the fall season. After collecting the seeds, they should be left to dry in a cool and dry location for at least a week. Once dried, the seeds can be stored in an airtight container until planting. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil in the spring season. The soil should be kept moist but not overly wet to prevent the growth of mold and fungus.
Cuttings Propagation
Geranium pilosum can also be propagated through cuttings. Take cuttings from actively growing plants in the summer season. The cuttings should be at least 2-3 inches long, with 3 to 4 leaves attached. Remove any flowers and buds from the cuttings, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Then, plant the cutting in moist soil, keep it in a shaded area, and water regularly.
Division Propagation
Division propagation is another method that can be used to propagate Geranium pilosum. This process involves dividing mature plants into smaller sections and replanting them. Spring and fall seasons are the best time to divide plants. Dig up the entire plant and gently separate the root ball into smaller sections, making sure each divided section has a sufficient amount of roots and shoots. Replant the divided sections in a well-drained soil mixture and water well.
Regardless of the propagation method you choose, proper care should be provided to ensure the plant's successful growth and establishment.
Disease and Pest Management for Geranium Pilosum
Geranium pilosum is a tough and resilient plant that can withstand various environmental conditions. However, it is still susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can affect its growth and overall health. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf spot: Leaf spot is a common disease that affects geraniums and is caused by various fungal pathogens. It usually appears as circular brown or black spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove any infected leaves as soon as you spot them. Additionally, avoid overhead watering and try to keep the leaves dry.
Crown rot: Crown rot is a fungal disease that affects the base of the plant, usually as a result of overwatering or poor drainage. It causes the roots to rot, which eventually leads to the plant's death. To prevent this, ensure that the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering the plant. If you notice any signs of crown rot, remove the affected parts of the plant carefully and dispose of them outside the garden.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that feed on the sap of the plant, causing the leaves to curl and stunt the plant's growth. To manage an aphid infestation, spray the plant with a strong stream of water to knock them off the leaves. Alternatively, use insecticidal soap, horticultural oil, or neem oil, which are all effective in managing aphids.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that are difficult to spot with the naked eye. They cause yellowing and discoloration of the leaves and can lead to webbing on the plant's surface. To manage spider mites, treat the plant with a miticide, such as neem oil or insecticidal soap, every 3-4 days until the infestation is under control.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are pests that can cause considerable damage to the plant by eating the leaves and stems. Look out for caterpillar eggs on the underside of leaves, and remove them manually. You can also use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is a natural bacterium that targets caterpillars and other harmful insects.
