Origin and Common Names
Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides (Less.) Roessler, commonly known as the arctic gazania, is a member of the Asteraceae family. It is native to southern Africa, specifically to the Northern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa.General Appearance
The arctic gazania is a perennial plant that grows up to 30 cm tall. It has a rosette of leaves at the base of the plant and beautiful daisy-like flowers that bloom in hues of yellow, orange, and red. The flowers usually have a dark center and are about 5 cm in diameter. The leaves are green and lobed, and they have a slightly succulent texture. The plant's stem is sturdy, and the root system consists of a rhizome that allows the plant to spread.Uses
The arctic gazania is an ornamental plant that is used in gardens, parks, and open landscapes. It is a drought-tolerant plant that does well in dry, arid conditions, making it an ideal plant for xeriscaping. It is also a popular choice for pots and containers. The arctic gazania has other uses beyond its aesthetic value. It is rich in secondary compounds, including flavonoids and alkaloids, that have medicinal properties. Extracts from the plant have shown promise as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer agent. Additionally, the plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including coughs, colds, and fevers.Light Requirements
Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides (Less.) Roessler typically requires full sunlight exposure to thrive. In growing this plant, it is essential to ensure that it receives at least six hours of direct sunlight in a day. Insufficient light will impact its ability to produce flowers, and it can also lead to elongated stems and a weak plant structure.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species prefers a warm climate and can tolerate temperatures up to 30 degrees Celsius. It requires a minimum temperature of 15 degrees Celsius in order to grow and develop properly. In colder regions, it is essential to protect the plant from frost and freezing temperatures, as these can cause significant damage to the leaves and flowers.
Soil Requirements
The Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides (Less.) Roessler plant species typically performs well in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should be moderately fertile, with a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. It is crucial to ensure that the soil is not waterlogged, as this can cause root rot and lead to the death of the plant. Sandy or loamy soil types are ideal for this species, but it can adapt to other soil types with proper care and maintenance.
Cultivation Methods
Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides (Less.) Roessler thrives in well-draining soils that are neutral to slightly acidic in pH. The plant requires full sun exposure for optimal growth. It is best to plant Gazania krebsiana during the spring season. Young plants should be spaced at least 8 inches apart. The root ball of the plant should be kept level with the soil surface.
Watering Needs
Gazania krebsiana subsp. arctotoides has moderate watering requirements. It is recommended to water the plants deeply once a week when the soil begins to dry out. Overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to root rot and other moisture-related issues. Water should be directed towards the base of the plants using a drip irrigation system or a watering can. It is best to water in the early morning to reduce the risk of fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Gazania krebsiana subsp. arctotoides requires little fertilization. In fact, over-fertilization can lead to a reduction in flowering. Application of a slow-release fertilizer during the spring season should be enough to provide sufficient nutrients for the plant. Inorganic fertilizers with equal parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) can be used. The plant may benefit from the occasional application of liquid fertilizer during the growing season.
Pruning
Pruning can help maintain the shape and health of Gazania krebsiana subsp. arctotoides. Deadheading of spent flowers should be done regularly to encourage the development of new blossoms. Overgrown or diseased parts of the plant should be pruned back to the base of the stem to promote new growth. It is best to prune the plant during the fall or winter dormant period.
Propagation of Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides
The Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides can be propagated through different methods, including:
Seeds
Seeds are the most used method for propagating Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides. The seeds can be planted directly into the soil or in pots, usually during early spring or late winter. The seeds should be placed 2-3cm deep and kept moist. Germination usually takes 7-21 days at a temperature of 18-24°C. After germination, the seedlings should be thinned to avoid overcrowding.
Cuttings
Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides can also be propagated through cuttings. It is recommended to use stem cuttings from mature plants during the mid-summer season. Cuttings should be taken from non-flowering stems with two to three nodes. Remove the lower leaves and dip the stem in a rooting hormone. Place the cutting in a container with a mix of sand and perlite, then water and cover it with a plastic bag. Keep the container in a warm, bright, and humid area until roots grow, then transplant to individual pots.
Divisions
Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides can also be propagated through division. Divide mature plants during the spring, separating the roots and making sure that each division has enough roots and leaves to survive. Replant each division in well-draining soil and water thoroughly.
Disease Management
Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides (Less.) Roessler is susceptible to various plant diseases, including fungal and bacterial diseases. Fungi can cause foliar diseases such as leaf spot, powdery mildew, and root and stem rot. Bacteria commonly cause wilt, rot, and leaf-spotting diseases, which can lead to plant death if not managed properly.
To manage fungal and bacterial diseases, it is essential to keep the plant leaves dry by avoiding overhead watering. Instead, water the plant at its base. Also, it is necessary to remove any infected plant material from the plant and destroy it. Applying fungicides and bactericides can also help to control these diseases.
Pest Management
Various pests can attack Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides, including aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, and thrips. Pests can cause leaf damage, discoloration, and even death of the plant.
To manage pests, it is essential to identify the type of pest first. Once identified, use appropriate insecticides to control the pests. You can also remove the infested leaves or areas of the plant to eliminate the pest. Insecticidal soaps and oils can also help control pests such as aphids and spider mites.
For severe infestations, it is recommended to contact a professional pest control service provider who can assist with the management of such pests.
