Overview of Gaillardia fastigiata Greene
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene, commonly known as the stiff gaillardia, is a herbaceous perennial plant that is a member of the sunflower family. It is indigenous to the southwestern United States, where it typically grows in rocky slopes, fields, and open woodlands.
General Appearance
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene typically grows to a height of 2-3 feet and has a spread of 1-2 feet. It is characterized by its upright stems, green leaves, and bright yellow flowers with hints of red and brown. The flowers bloom in the summer and are followed by dark, cone-shaped fruits.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as stiff gaillardia or upright blanketflower due to its upright habit and resemblance to a colorful blanket when in bloom. Other common names include lanceleaf blanketflower and Missouri gaillardia.
Uses
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene is primarily cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes. It is valued for its bright and long-lasting flowers, which attract a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies. The plant also has medicinal properties, and its leaves and flowers have been used for their antiseptic and disinfectant properties in traditional medicine.
Light Requirements:
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene prefers full sunlight. It grows best in areas that receive at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. In shady or partially shaded locations, the plant has a higher chance of developing diseases and pests. Therefore, it's ideal to plant this species in a spot that receives full sun.
Temperature Requirements:
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene is a warm-season plant that can't tolerate frost. It grows best in regions with warm temperatures. The optimal temperature range for this species is between 65°F to 85°F (18.3°C to 29.4°C). In temperatures higher than 85°F (29.4°C), the plant may wilt, but it usually recovers overnight. However, prolonged exposure to temperatures below 55°F (12.7°C) can kill the plant.
Soil Requirements:
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene can grow in a wide range of soil types, but it prefers well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 to 7.5. The plant can't tolerate waterlogged soil, so it's best to avoid areas with poor drainage. Adding organic matter such as compost helps to improve soil quality. The plant also benefits from occasional fertilization with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid using excessive fertilizers as this can encourage pest infestations and disease outbreaks.
Cultivation Methods
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene or common Blanketflower is a drought-tolerant prairie plant that is easy to grow. It thrives in well-draining soil and full sun, making it an ideal choice for rock gardens and mixed borders. The plant requires a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight daily and can withstand high temperatures up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. It suits zones 3-10 and grows up to 24 inches tall.
The ideal time to plant Gaillardia fastigiata is in early spring or fall when the soil temperature is above freezing point. Seeds can be started indoors six to eight weeks before the last frost date or sown directly outdoors in a prepared bed.
Watering Needs
Gaillardia fastigiata is drought tolerant but requires regular watering during the first growing season to encourage the establishment of a deep root system. It is best to water the plant deeply once a week rather than frequent light watering that can encourage shallow root development and increase susceptibility to pests and diseases. Additionally, it would help if you watered the plant early in the morning to prevent foliar diseases that can result from prolonged leaf wetness.
Fertilization
Although Gaillardia fastigiata can survive in nutrient-poor soils, regular fertilization can enhance its growth and blooming. The plant responds well to a balanced fertilizer such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 granular fertilizer, which can be applied every four weeks during the growing season. Alternatively, you can add a layer of compost around the base of the plant in spring to enrich the soil's organic content.
Pruning
To encourage bushier growth and increase the number of blooms, Gaillardia fastigiata requires deadheading after each bloom cycle. This involves cutting off the faded flowers, including the stem, back to the nearest buds or leaves. Additionally, you can pinch back the plant by one-third in early summer to promote branching and increase the number of flowers.
After the plant has finished blooming in fall, you can cut it back to the ground and cover with a layer of mulch to protect against harsh winter conditions.
Propagation of Gaillardia fastigiata Greene
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene is also known as the stiff gaillardia and it belongs to the sunflower family. Its bright colors make it a popular addition to gardens, and many gardeners want to propagate it. There are several methods through which Gaillardia fastigiata can be propagated, including seed propagation, division, and stem cuttings. Here is detailed information on each propagation method:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation of Gaillardia fastigiata Greene is a relatively simple process. Collect seeds after the flowering period, which is typically in the fall. The seeds should then be stored properly so that they do not lose their viability before planting. To plant the seeds, loosen the soil to ensure proper drainage, and then scatter the seeds over the soil surface. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and water them adequately. Within two to four weeks, the germination process is completed, and the plants will start to grow.
Division
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene can also be propagated through division, which is typically done in the spring or fall. To propagate through division, dig up the plant and separate the clumps gently using a sterile knife or pruning shears. Each clump should have some roots and shoots. Once divided, replant the clumps in a different location, watering them thoroughly. Ensure that the soil is fertile and has good drainage, and apply a balanced fertilizer to encourage root growth and improve the soil quality.
Stem cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is the quickest method for Gaillardia fastigiata Greene, and it is typically done in the spring. Take a stem cutting that is at least 6 inches long and has a few leaves and nodes, making a diagonal cut using sharp and sterile scissors or a knife. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone powder and plant them in a pot filled with moist soil. Place the pot in a shaded spot or cover it loosely with a plastic bag to retain moisture. After three to four weeks, the cuttings will start to grow roots. Once the roots are established, transfer the plant to the garden or in a bigger pot with well-draining soil and adequate sunlight.
Disease and Pest Management for Gaillardia fastigiata Greene Plant
Gaillardia fastigiata Greene is a native plant of North America, known for its vibrant colors and ability to attract pollinators. However, like all plants, it is vulnerable to diseases and pests that can negatively impact its growth and development. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, along with suggestions for managing them.
Diseases
1. Powdery mildew: This fungal disease shows up as a white, powdery substance on leaves, stems, and flowers. It can stunt plant growth and cause leaves to shrivel and die. To manage powdery mildew, remove infected plant parts and avoid overhead watering. Instead, water the plant at the base to prevent moisture buildup on the leaves. If the problem persists, apply a fungicide.
2. Root rot: This disease is caused by a fungal pathogen that attacks the roots of the plant, causing them to rot. If left unchecked, it can result in the death of the plant. To manage root rot, ensure that the plant is not overwatered, as this can lead to waterlogged soil and create the conditions for the fungus to develop. Other measures include improving soil drainage and allowing the soil to dry out between watering.
3. Rust: This fungal disease appears as yellow or orange-brown spots on the plant's leaves, which eventually turn black. If left untreated, rust can cause leaves to fall off and weaken the plant. To manage rust, remove infected leaves and treat the plant with a fungicide.
Pests
1. Aphids: These small insects can cause distorted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with soapy water or neem oil to repel them. You can also introduce natural predators, such as ladybugs, to feed on the aphids.
2. Spider mites: These tiny, spider-like pests can cause leaves to dry out and turn yellow. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap. You can also introduce predatory mites or beetles to feed on the spider mites.
3. Cutworms: These caterpillar pests can damage the stem of the plant, causing it to break off at the soil level. To manage cutworms, handpick them off the plant or apply a biological control, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
By keeping an eye out for common diseases and pests, Gaillardia fastigiata Greene plant can thrive and remain healthy. Early diagnosis and prompt management are key to preventing the spread of diseases and infestation of pests.
