Overview
Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schlechter, commonly known as 'closed milkweed vine', is a perennial plant species belonging to the family Apocynaceae. This plant is native to the southeastern region of the United States, including Florida, Georgia, and Alabama.
Appearance
The closed milkweed vine has a unique appearance, with its leaves positioned in an opposite manner on the stem and shaped like an elongated oval. The plant is often found in dense clusters and can grow up to six feet tall. The flowers are small, cream-colored, and grow in clusters at the end of the stem.
Uses
Funastrum clausum has a wide variety of uses. It is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments like fever, stomach problems, and snakebites. The plant also serves as a source of food for some animals such as deer. The plant's latex contains toxic substances that are harmful to some animals like cats and dogs.
Cultivation
The closed milkweed vine grows well in moist and well-drained soil. It thrives in full sunlight and can tolerate drought, making it an ideal plant for gardeners living in hot climates. The plant can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. It is easy to maintain and requires little care.
Conclusion
The closed milkweed vine is a unique and versatile plant species with an array of uses. It is easy to maintain and ideal for gardeners looking to add some variety to their gardens. While it has toxic properties, it is still a valuable plant species that deserves more attention.
Light Requirements
Funastrum clausum typically requires full sunlight. It can tolerate partial shade, but it may not flower as profusely in lower light conditions.
Temperature Requirements
Funastrum clausum is a plant that is well-adapted to warm temperatures, primarily growing in regions with hot and humid climates. It is known to thrive in regions that have a temperature range of 60 - 90 degrees Fahrenheit (15-32 degrees Celsius). Temperatures below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius) can be harmful to the plant, especially if they persist for an extended period.
Soil Requirements
Funastrum clausum prefers well-drained soils that are fertile and rich in nutrients. The plant can grow in a range of soils, from sandy loams to clayey soils, as long as the soil drains well. The pH level of the soil should lie between 7.4 to 8.1. Funastrum clausum is a drought-tolerant plant; therefore, it prefers soils that have low to moderate water content.
Other Growth Conditions
Funastrum clausum does well in areas with minimal soil disturbance. It does not grow well in areas where the soil has been disturbed frequently, such as by heavy machinery or farming. The plant typically grows in areas with low rainfall, and it can tolerate periods of drought. While fertilizer is not necessary for Funastrum clausum, adding organic matter to the soil can help improve its overall health and growth.
Cultivation of Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schlechter
Funastrum clausum is native to the subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas, from the southern United States to South America. It can be grown outdoors in USDA zones 9-11 or as a houseplant in colder regions. To cultivate Funastrum clausum, it is important to replicate its natural environment in terms of temperature and humidity.
The plant prefers well-draining potting soil mixed with sand, vermiculite, or perlite. The container should have drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. Funastrum clausum likes bright and indirect light, so place it near east-facing windows, or use fluorescent or LED lights if it is a houseplant. The plant will thrive in temperatures between 60°F to 85°F.
Watering Needs
Funastrum clausum needs moderate watering, and its soil should be kept evenly moist but not too wet. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Ensure to drain out any excess water from the container, as standing water can cause the roots to rot. Reduce watering during the winter to avoid waterlogging the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilize Funastrum clausum in the growing season, from spring to autumn, using a balanced fertilizer high in potassium. Apply the fertilizer every two weeks. The plant can also benefit from occasional foliar feeding with a diluted liquid fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing during the winter, as it is a period of dormancy for the plant.
Pruning
Funastrum clausum is relatively low-maintenance and requires only occasional pruning to keep its shape or remove damaged or diseased parts. Pruning should be done in the spring before the active growth period, using sharp and sterilized pruning shears. Since Funastrum clausum is a vine-like plant, it might need support to keep it from sprawling or getting tangled.
Propagation of Funastrum Clausum
Funastrum Clausum, commonly known as white-stemmed milkweed, is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Asclepiadaceae family. It propagates through different methods, including seeds, stem cuttings, and root division.
Propagation by Seeds
The primary method of propagating Funastrum Clausum is through seeds. It's crucial to collect the seeds from the parent plant during the fall season. The seeds should be allowed to mature and dry on the parent plant. Remove the seed pods and dry in a well-ventilated area, after which the seeds can be separated from the pods.
Once you have collected seeds, prepare a mixture of sand and soil or use a seed-starting mix. Moisten the mixture and sow the seeds, covering them with a light layer of soil. Keep the soil moist throughout the germination period. Germination will usually occur within 7-14 days. After the emergence of true leaves, the seedlings can be transplanted to their final location.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Funastrum Clausum can also be propagated by stem cuttings, although this method is less common than seed propagation. Take stem cuttings during the growing season and make sure they have a minimum of two nodes. Remove all the lower leaves, leaving only a few at the top.
After that, dip the bottom end in rooting hormone and insert the cutting in a pot containing a well-draining soil mix. You can cover the pot with a plastic bag to keep it moist and encourage rooting. Within a few weeks, the stem will root, and you can transplant it to its final location.
Propagation by Root Division
Funastrum Clausum can also be propagated by root division. This method is usually done during the plant's dormancy period in the winter. Dig up the parent plant and gently separate the roots, making sure each division has a few buds or shoots and a healthy root system.
Plant each division in a well-draining soil mix and water thoroughly. Cover the new plant with a cloche or plastic bag to keep it moist and stimulate growth. Roots will develop, and new growth will appear in a few weeks, and you can transplant the new plant to its permanent location after it has become established.
Disease Management for Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schlechter
Fungal diseases are the most common problem for Funastrum clausum. Powdery mildew and rust are the two most common fungal diseases that affect this plant. To keep the plants healthy, it is essential to manage these diseases.
Fungicides can be used to manage these diseases. Always read and follow the instructions on the fungicides carefully before applying them. Using fungicides in accordance with their instructions will help to manage fungal diseases of Funastrum clausum. Additionally, it is important to remove any infected parts of the plant and dispose of them properly to prevent spreading of the infection.
Pest Management for Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schlechter
Insects pests such as mealybugs, aphids, and spider mites can also be problematic for Funastrum clausum. These pests feed on the sap, causing plant growth to become stunted, yellowed leaves and reduced plant health. It is important to manage these pests to prevent damage to the plant.
Ladybugs and lacewings are natural predators of these pests and can be introduced in the garden. A regular spray of neem oil or insecticidal soap can also help to control the insects. Make sure to follow the instructions carefully. Additionally, regularly cleaning the plants and removing any debris can help to prevent infestation.
