Fraxinus Pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern. is commonly known as Green ash or Red ash. This plant is native to North America and can be found in regions such as Ontario, Quebec, New York, Illinois, Louisiana, Colorado, and several other states in the US.
The Green ash is often used in urban landscaping and as a shade tree. It is also used in the production of furniture, flooring, and sports equipment due to its strong and durable wood.
The plant is distinguished by its slender trunk and branches with a rounded crown. The leaves have an odd number of leaflets with serrated edges and a dark green glossy appearance on the upper surface. The bark of mature trees is gray and smooth, while the younger trees have a greenish-grey bark that becomes more rough and ridged with age.
The Green ash is commonly found in moist soils near rivers, streams, and wetlands. It is also tolerant of drought, making it a versatile plant for various landscapes. The plant blooms in the spring, producing greenish-yellow flowers that grow in clusters. The flowers then become winged seeds that are dispersed by the wind.
Light Requirements
Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. integerrima grows well in full sun to partial shade. It requires at least four hours of direct sunlight a day to thrive. However, it can tolerate some shade, especially in hot and dry regions. Too much shade can lead to leggy growth, weak stems, and poor branching.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is adaptable to a range of temperatures. It grows well in USDA Hardiness zones 3 to 7, which represent areas with minimum temperatures between -40 and 5°F (-40 and -15°C). The optimal temperature for growth is between 60 and 85°F (15 and 29°C). Temperatures outside these ranges may lead to slow growth and poor development.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers a moderately fertile, well-draining soil. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including loam, sand, and clay, but it grows best in moist soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter to promote good growth. Proper drainage is essential to avoid soil saturation, which can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Cultivation methods for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern., commonly known as Green ash or Red ash, is a deciduous tree that is native to North America. It is an easy-to-grow plant that is well-suited for a variety of soil types and is low-maintenance.
The tree can grow up to 50 feet tall, and its spread can reach 35 feet. It has a moderate growth rate and is often planted in parks, streets, and gardens. Green ash prefers full sun but can tolerate some shade. It thrives in moist, well-drained soils and can tolerate dry soil conditions as well.
Watering needs for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern.
Green ash requires regular watering, especially during its initial establishment period, to ensure proper growth and development. The tree should be watered deeply once a week during the growing season. The frequency of watering should be based on the weather conditions. During hot and dry periods, the tree may need to be watered more frequently.
It is important to avoid overwatering the tree as this can lead to fungal diseases and root rot. The soil should be allowed to dry out slightly before watering again. Mulching around the base of the tree can help to retain moisture in the soil and reduce the need for frequent watering.
Fertilization for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern.
Green ash trees benefit from annual fertilization to provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth and development. Fertilizer should be applied in the early spring, just before the start of the growing season.
A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended. The fertilizer should be spread evenly around the base of the tree and watered in thoroughly. Avoid over-fertilizing the tree as this can lead to excessive growth and weak branches.
Pruning for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern.
Pruning is an important aspect of Green ash tree maintenance and should be done annually to maintain the tree's shape, health, and safety. The best time to prune is during the dormant season, which is late fall to early spring.
The branches that need to be removed are those that are diseased, dead, damaged, or crossing over. The tree should be pruned to maintain its natural form and to prevent the growth of weak branches. Prune the tree by making a clean cut just outside the branch collar. Avoid making flush cuts, as this can damage the tree's bark and lead to disease and insect infestations.
Propagation of Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern., commonly known as green ash, is a medium-sized deciduous tree native to North America. It is known for its beautiful foliage, which turns yellow in the fall. Propagation of green ash can be done through several methods, including seeds, cuttings, and grafting.
Propagation by seeds
Propagation of green ash by seeds is the most common and easiest method. The seeds can be collected from the tree during the fall season. They should be cleaned, dried, and stored in a cool, dry place until they are ready to be planted in the spring. Stratification is recommended, as it encourages germination. The seeds need to be planted in well-draining soil and kept moist until they sprout. Once they have germinated and grown into small plants, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Propagation by cuttings
Propagation of green ash by cuttings is another popular method. The cuttings should be taken from the tree during mid-summer and should be about six inches long. The leaves on the lower half of the cutting should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before being planted in a pot filled with well-draining soil. The pot should be kept in a warm, humid location, with the cutting watered regularly. Once roots have developed, the new plant can be transplanted outside.
Propagation by grafting
Propagation of green ash by grafting involves joining the scion, or top part of the tree, to the rootstock, or bottom part of the tree. Grafting is typically done during the early spring or late fall when the tree is dormant. The scion is selected for its desirable traits, such as disease resistance or specific foliage characteristics. The rootstock is selected for its resistance to pests and diseases and its ability to adapt to different soil conditions. The two parts are then joined together and securely bound with tape or flexible material until the graft has fully developed.
Overall, the propagation of Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern. can be done through several different methods, including seeds, cuttings, and grafting. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the ideal method will depend on the desired outcome and the resources available.
Disease Management
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern. is susceptible to a variety of diseases that can cause significant damage to the plant. The most common diseases affecting this plant are ash yellows, ash anthracnose, and verticillium wilt.
Ash yellows is caused by a bacterium and is characterized by yellowing of leaves, branch dieback, and stunted growth. The disease is spread by insects, particularly leafhoppers. To manage ash yellows, infected trees should be removed and destroyed. Insecticides can also be used to control leafhoppers.
Ash anthracnose, caused by the fungus Discula fraxinea, is characterized by brown spots on leaves, defoliation, and dieback. The disease is spread by spores that are carried by wind and rain. To manage ash anthracnose, infected leaves should be removed and destroyed. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
Verticillium wilt is caused by a soilborne fungus and is characterized by wilting, yellowing, and necrosis of leaves. The disease is spread by contaminated soil, infected seedlings, and infected pruning tools. To manage verticillium wilt, infected trees should be removed and destroyed. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
Pest Management
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. integerrima (Vahl) Fern. is susceptible to a variety of pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. The most common pests affecting this plant are emerald ash borer, ash/lilac borer, and ash sawfly.
Emerald ash borer is a beetle that feeds on the tree's inner bark and disrupts its ability to transport water and nutrients. The infestation is characterized by D-shaped exit holes, S-shaped tunnels in the bark, and crown dieback. To manage emerald ash borer, insecticides can be injected into the tree or applied to the bark.
Ash/lilac borer is a moth that lays its eggs on the tree's bark. The larvae tunnel into the tree and feed on its inner bark, causing girdling and dieback. To manage ash/lilac borer, infested branches should be removed and destroyed. Insecticides can also be used to control the borers.
Ash sawfly is a type of wasp whose larvae feed on the tree's leaves, causing defoliation. The infestation is characterized by skeletonized leaves and sawfly larvae on the tree. To manage ash sawfly, affected leaves should be removed and destroyed. Insecticides can also be used to control the pest.
