Overview
Fragaria crinita, commonly known as the Hairs Strawberry, is a herbaceous, perennial plant that belongs to the Rose family (Rosaceae). It is native to North America, specifically in the eastern and central regions of the United States, including Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and Illinois.
Description
The Hairs Strawberry plant usually grows low to the ground, reaching a height of up to 6-10 inches tall and spreading outwards horizontally for up to 24 inches. Its leaves are trifoliate and have a serrated edge. Its flowers are usually white and have five petals, and they bloom from May to June. The plant produces small, juicy, and reddish-black fruits that are about 1 cm in diameter, which are edible but not commonly consumed. The plant does produce runners, which can spread resulting in patches of strawberries in close proximity.
Uses
The Hairs Strawberry plant is not typically grown for commercial use, as it produces smaller berries and less yields than other commercially available strawberries. However, it does have several uses, including groundcover and garden ornamentation. Additionally, the plant is known for its ecological benefits because it is a host plant for several species of butterflies and moths. These insects rely on the plant as a food source and for laying their eggs. The fruits are edible, but small, and are not commonly used as a food source.
Cultivation
The Hairs Strawberry is a low maintenance plant that prefers a well-draining soil in a sunny or partially shady location. It is cold hardy and can survive in USDA zones 4-8, making it suitable for most of the eastern United States. The plant is relatively drought tolerant, but regular watering is recommended during warmer months. Space plants about 12 inches apart to help control spreading. Prune foliage to the ground in late fall and apply a layer of organic mulch over the roots to protect them during winter.
Light Requirements
Fragaria crinita Rydb. prefers to grow in areas that receive partial to full sunlight. They require at least four hours of direct sunlight per day to survive. In areas with hot and dry summers, they thrive and produce better fruits in partially shaded areas to avoid dehydration and sunburn.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for Fragaria crinita Rydb. is between 60 and 80 °F, making them suitable for growing in temperate regions. They can tolerate heat up to 90 °F and cold temperatures between 20 and 25 °F. However, exposure to a prolonged period of temperature extremes can negatively impact their growth.
Soil Requirements
Fragaria crinita Rydb prefers to be planted in well-drained soil. Soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0 is ideal for its growth. Sandy loam to loamy soil with a high organic matter content is perfect for growing them. They can grow well in a raised bed or container, providing they have sufficient soil depth and nutrients.
Cultivation methods for Fragaria crinita Rydb.
Fragaria crinita Rydb., commonly known as Hairy Strawberry, can be cultivated in a variety of ways. The plant requires well-drained soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. It can tolerate partial shade to full sun but grows best in an area that receives at least six hours of sunlight per day. Gardeners can grow Fragaria crinita from seeds, transplants, or runners. When growing strawberries from runners, plant them 30 cm apart, and allow at least 60 cm between rows so the plants can spread and fill the area.
Watering needs for Fragaria crinita Rydb.
Strawberries require consistent watering for healthy growth and fruit production. The plants should be watered thoroughly once a week, or more frequently in hot, dry weather. It is essential to keep the soil evenly moist but never waterlogged, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot. Water plants at the base to avoid wetting the leaves, which can lead to disease development.
Fertilization of Fragaria crinita Rydb.
To ensure the best crop growth and development, it is recommended to feed Fragaria crinita regularly. Gardeners can use organic or inorganic fertilizers, which should be applied after each fruit harvest. A balanced fertilizer with a ratio of N-P-K (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) of 10-10-10 is ideal. Fertilizer application rates should follow the manufacturer's instructions, but generally, gardeners can apply 1 pound of fertilizer for every 100 square feet of planted area.
Pruning for Fragaria crinita Rydb.
Pruning is an essential aspect of Fragaria crinita care to encourage healthy growth and a bountiful harvest. To begin pruning, remove all runners, flowers, and berries during the first season. In the following years, prune strawberry plants in early spring before new growth begins. Cut away all dead and diseased foliage, and trim off any runner tips that have rooted. Remove older leaves and thin out the plant so that it has only a few healthy leaves remaining. This process will encourage new growth and better fruit production.
Propagation of Fragaria Crinita Rydb.
Fragaria crinita Rydb., commonly known as the Eastern or Hairy strawberry, is a small perennial herbaceous plant that is native to North America. The plant can grow up to 20 cm tall and produces white flowers that turn into delicious red berries. Propagation of Fragaria crinita Rydb. can be achieved through several methods.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagation for Fragaria crinita Rydb. is through seed. Seeds can be easily collected from the mature and ripe berries of the plant. The seeds must be washed and dried before planting. Plant the seeds 1 cm deep in well-draining soil that has been amended with compost or organic matter. Water the seeds regularly and keep the soil moist until germination occurs, which can take up to one month. After germination, thin the seedlings to ensure proper spacing.
Vegetative Propagation
Another method of propagation for Fragaria crinita Rydb. is through vegetative means. The plant produces runners that take root and develop into new plants. Transplant the rooted runner into a new location or pot for it to continue growing. Division is another way to propagate Fragaria crinita Rydb. To do this, lift the plant from the soil and separate the root ball with a sterilized knife or sharp tool. Replant the divided sections into a new location.
Cuttings Propagation
Cutting propagation is also possible for Fragaria crinita Rydb. Cut a section of a healthy stem that has at least two nodes. The cutting should be taken in the spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. Dip the cut end of the stem into a rooting hormone, and plant into a well-draining potting mix. The cutting should be placed in a bright, but shaded area until roots have formed, which can take up to 6 weeks.
Disease Management
There are various diseases that may affect Fragaria crinita Rydb., including:
Gray Mold
Gray mold is a common disease that may affect the plant. It is caused by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and may cause the flowers, fruits, and leaves of the plant to rot. To manage this disease, avoid excessive watering. Ensure proper aeration by pruning dense growth. In case of severe infection, apply fungicide sprays or other chemical treatments.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is caused by the fungi Colletotrichum spp and Gloeosporium spp. It causes circular, sunken spots on the leaves and fruits of the plant. To manage this disease, remove and destroy any infected plant parts. Apply fungicides to reduce the spread of the disease.
Verticillium Wilt
Verticillium wilt is caused by the fungi Verticillium spp. It causes yellowing, wilting, and death of the leaves. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected plants. Avoid planting new plants in contaminated soil. Fumigate the soil before planting new plants.
Pest Management
Fragaria crinita Rydb. may also be affected by various pests, including:
Aphids
Aphids are small insects that suck the sap of the leaves and flowers. This causes stunted growth and curling of the leaves. To manage aphids, release predatory insects such as ladybugs or lacewings. Spraying insecticidal soap or neem oil can also help to control aphid populations.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the plant cells, causing yellowing and wilting. To manage spider mites, regularly spray the plant with a strong stream of water to dislodge them. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the mite population.
Slugs and Snails
Slugs and snails feed on the leaves and fruit of the plant, causing holes and damage. To manage slugs and snails, remove any debris around the plant that they may use as hiding places. Place copper strips around the plant to repel them. Use traps or baits to catch and remove them.
