Overview
Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus is a species of cactus native to the Sonoran Desert in North America. This plant is commonly known as the California barrel cactus, desert barrel cactus, or miner's compass.
Appearance
The California barrel cactus is a large cylindrical plant that can grow up to 10 feet tall and 2 feet in diameter. It has ribs that are usually 13 to 15 in number, but some species have up to 21 ribs. The plant has numerous spines that are reddish-brown to yellow in color and can be 2 to 4 inches in length. Its flowers are bright yellow to orangish-red and bloom in the summer. The plant's fruit is a green, round, and spiny berry that splits open when mature.
Uses
The California barrel cactus has been used by various Native American tribes for medicinal purposes. Some members of these indigenous communities make tea out of its roots to alleviate gastrointestinal pain and other related symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. Additionally, the cactus's pulp and seeds have been used to treat various skin conditions, such as burns, wounds, and rashes. The plant also has horticultural value and is often grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, patios, and landscape plots. However, it should be noted that this plant is not recommended to be cultivated by inexperienced gardeners due to its sharp spines and considerable size.
In conclusion, the Ferocactus cylindraceus is an impressive and unique plant found in North America's Sonoran Desert. Its striking appearance, practical uses and cultural significance make it an essential component of desert ecosystems and the communities that inhabit them.Light requirements
Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus thrives in full sun and will not do well in shade. It requires a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to maintain optimal growth and its unique cylindrical shape. Without enough sunlight, the plant becomes elongated and tends to lean towards the sun.
Temperature requirements
This plant is native to the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and Mexico, where it is subjected to harsh desert temperatures. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, from 20°F to 110°F (-6°C to 43°C), making it an ideal plant for outdoor cultivation in desert-like conditions. However, it is best to avoid extreme temperature fluctuations which can stress the plant.
Soil requirements
Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus can grow in various soil types, but it thrives in well-draining soil that is pH neutral to slightly acidic. It is recommended to use a sandy, gritty soil mixture for optimal growth, as this will ensure adequate drainage. The plant is adapted to growing in rocky and sandy soils that are low in organic matter, so it is unnecessary to fertilize the soil. It is best to avoid overwatering and to let the soil dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus is a cactus plant that thrives in warm and arid conditions. The plant can be grown both outdoors and indoors, provided they have sufficient light, proper soil, and appropriate temperature conditions. If grown indoors, it requires bright sunlight or grow lights for at least six hours daily. Additionally, the plant requires a well-ventilated area to minimize chances of fungal growth.
Outdoors, this cactus thrives in warm and arid regions. Plant it in well-draining soils that are mildly acidic to maintain optimum growth conditions. In addition, plant the cactus in an area that receives direct sunlight for at least six hours a day and ensure that it is well-aerated to prevent rotting.
Watering Needs
Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus requires infrequent watering, especially during the winter months when it is dormant. For instance, during the active growth period, water the plant once a week. However, it is important to ensure that the soil is well-drained to avoid root rot. Water the plant deeply until water runs out of the bottom of the pot and allow the soil to dry completely between watering cycles. During dormancy, water the plant sparingly to prevent overwatering.
Fertilization
During the active growth period, it is advisable to fertilize Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus once a month. Use a balanced fertilizer that is rich in potassium and phosphorus. Conversely, avoid fertilizing the plant during winter dormancy to prevent stimulating new growth that may damage the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is a crucial part of Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus care routine. Remove any dead or unhealthy parts of the plant to reduce the risk of fungal infections. Additionally, prune the plant to maintain its size and shape. Use a sharp and sterilized pruning tool to minimize the risk of infecting the plant with bacteria or fungus.
Propagation of Ferocactus Cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. Cylindraceus
Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus, commonly known as the California barrel cactus, is a type of cactus that grows under full sun exposure and has spiny cylindrical stems. Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods.
From Seed
The easiest and most common way to propagate Ferocactus cylindraceus is through seed. To propagate from seed, the seeds can be collected from the fruit of a mature plant and dried for a few days. Plant the seeds in well-draining soil mixed with sand and perlite. Water thoroughly and keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. The seeds should germinate in 2-3 weeks.
From Cuttings
Another method to propagate Ferocactus cylindraceus is through stem cuttings. Take a cutting from a mature cactus stem using a sharp and clean blade. Let the cuttings dry for a few days until calloused. Plant the cutting in well-draining soil mix, and water sparingly until new growth emerges. The cutting will root in a few weeks.
From Offsets
Propagation can also be done through offsets or pups that develop from the side of mature plants. Allow the offset to grow until it is a few inches in diameter and then carefully remove it from the parent plant using a sharp knife. Plant the offset in well-draining soil mix and water sparingly until new growth emerges.
Disease and Pest Management for Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus
Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus is a hardy plant that can tolerate different environmental conditions. However, some diseases and pests can still affect its growth and health. Here are some common diseases and pests that can be harmful to Ferocactus cylindraceus and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Bacterial Soft Rot - This disease is caused by bacteria that enter the plant through wounds and cracks. It can cause the plant to wilt and eventually die. To manage this disease, remove the infected plant parts and treat the plant with a copper-based fungicide.
Fungal Root Rot - This disease is caused by fungi that thrive in moist soil. It can cause the roots to rot, making it difficult for the plant to absorb water and nutrients. To manage this disease, remove the infected plant parts and improve the soil drainage. Also, avoid overwatering the plant.
Pests
Cactus Bug - This pest feeds on the sap of the plant, causing the leaves to wither and turn yellow. It can also transmit diseases. To manage this pest, remove the infected plant parts and treat the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Cactus Weevil - This pest lays its eggs in the plant, causing the stems to rot. To manage this pest, remove the infected plant parts and treat the plant with an insecticide containing imidacloprid.
Scale Insects - This pest creates a waxy coating on the plant, making it difficult for the plant to photosynthesize. To manage this pest, remove the infected plant parts and treat the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Regular monitoring of Ferocactus cylindraceus can help identify any diseases or pests before they cause severe damage. It is also essential to keep the plant in optimal conditions, avoiding any environmental stress that can weaken its immune system.
