Overview of Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip.
Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. is a small, perennial shrub in the Asteraceae family. This plant is native to South America, specifically Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. It typically grows in well-drained, rocky soils in high altitude desert regions at elevations between 900 to 3600 meters above sea level.
General Appearance of Facelis retusa
Facelis retusa is a small, herbaceous shrub that grows up to 40 cm tall and 30 cm wide. It has multiple trunks with gray bark and thin, elongated leaves that are green and slightly hairy on their upper surface. The plant has small yellow flowers that bloom from October to December in its native range.
Common Names of Facelis retusa
Facelis retusa has several common names depending on its location. In Argentina, it is known as "tomillo del campo" which translates to "wild thyme," while in Chile it is called "huillipatagua" or "pataguilla." It is also referred to as "retusa" or "sharp-leaved bush."
Uses of Facelis retusa in Traditional Medicine and Agriculture
The leaves of Facelis retusa have long been used in traditional medicine in South America to treat a variety of ailments such as respiratory infections, digestive disorders, and skin conditions. The plant has also been used as a natural insecticide due to its high content of essential oils.
In agriculture, Facelis retusa is used as a fodder for animals since it is drought-tolerant and has high nutrient content. The plant is also used as a fuel source and for erosion control due to its extensive root system.
In recent years, Facelis retusa has also been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Research has shown that the plant contains compounds that can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and have cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.
Growth Conditions for Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip.
Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. is a perennial shrub or small tree that typically grows in the dry regions of South America. The plant is often found growing in rocky areas, along roadsides, and in disturbed habitats. The following are the ideal growth conditions for Facelis retusa:
Light Requirements
Facelis retusa is adapted to grow in full sunlight. It can also tolerate partial shade, but for optimal growth and flowering, the plant needs direct exposure to sunlight. In areas with hot summers, it is recommended to provide the plant with some shade during the hottest part of the day, to prevent sun scorching.
Temperature Requirements
As a plant that typically grows in the dry regions of South America, Facelis retusa can tolerate high temperatures. The plant is adapted to survive in temperatures ranging from 5-42°C (41-108°F). However, it cannot survive frost or prolonged exposure to temperatures below 0°C (32°F).
Soil Requirements
Facelis retusa thrives in well-drained soils that are not too rich in nutrients. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, but it grows best in sandy or rocky soils that are slightly alkaline or neutral in pH. The plant is also tolerant of drought, but it requires occasional watering during prolonged dry spells.
Cultivation Methods
Facelis retusa, also known as Wedelia retusa, is a hardy plant that grows well in a variety of soil types and climates. It is important to select a location with full to partial sun exposure to encourage the best growth. The plant can withstand drought conditions, but it is best to water it during long dry spells to encourage health and optimal growth.
The plant grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-10 and can also be grown in containers. Planting in a container is recommended for those who live in areas with harsh winters to protect the plant from frost or freezing temperatures.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of Facelis retusa are low to moderate. The plant can tolerate drought conditions, but it is best to water it every two to three weeks during times of drought. Watering frequency should be increased during the growth period, especially during the first few months after planting.
The soil should be well-drained to prevent over-watering, which could cause root rot and eventual death of the plant. During the winter season, the plant should be watered sparingly to prevent waterlogging the soil.
Fertilization
Facelis retusa is a low-maintenance plant that does not require frequent fertilization. During the growing season, it is recommended to add a slow-release fertilizer to the soil. This will provide essential nutrients to the plant as it grows.
Fertilizer should be applied to the soil at the base of the plant. It is important to avoid getting any fertilizer on the leaves or stems as this can burn the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for the growth and longevity of Facelis retusa. It is recommended to prune the plant in the early spring to promote new growth and maintain its shape. Dead or damaged branches should be removed as soon as possible to prevent the spread of disease.
Regular pruning will help to prevent the plant from becoming woody and promote the growth of new, lush foliage.
Propagation of Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip.
Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. is a woody shrub commonly found in South America, particularly in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. Due to its many medicinal properties, including its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, the demand for Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. has increased.
Propagation Methods
The propagation of Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. can be done through both sexual and asexual methods.
Seed Propagation
Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. produces seeds that can be used for propagation. It is advisable to collect ripe seeds during the autumn season. The seeds should be planted in a well-draining potting mix and kept moist but not waterlogged. It takes approximately 2-4 weeks for the seeds to germinate, and during this time, they should be kept in a warm and bright location.
Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are an asexual propagation method that is commonly used to propagate Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants during the plant's active growth period, and the cuttings should be approximately 8-10 cm in length. The leaves on the lower half of the stem should be removed before planting the cutting into a potting mix. The cutting should be kept moist and warm, and it can take 2-4 weeks for roots to form.
Air Layering
Air layering is another asexual propagation method used to propagate Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. It involves cutting a ring of bark from a woody stem and covering it with moist sphagnum moss. A plastic film should be wrapped around the moss to maintain a moist environment. After 8-12 weeks, roots should have formed in the moss, and the new plant can be separated from the mother plant and planted into a pot.
Disease and Pest Management for Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip.
Facelis retusa, commonly known as deer weed, is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to South America and is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions. Despite its hardy nature, deer weed is vulnerable to several diseases and pests that can affect its growth and yield. Effective disease and pest management practices are crucial for the healthy growth of the plant.
Common Diseases of Facelis retusa
Several fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases can affect the growth and yield of Facelis retusa. Common diseases that affect deer weed include:
- Leaf blight: It is caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata. The disease affects the leaves of the plant, causing brown spots and lesions. The disease can be managed by removing the infected leaves and applying fungicides.
- Root rot: It is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The disease affects the roots of the plant, causing wilting and yellowing of leaves. The disease can be avoided by practicing proper drainage and avoiding waterlogging in the soil.
- Powdery mildew: It is caused by the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. The disease affects the leaves and stems of the plant, causing a powdery white coating. The disease can be managed by applying fungicides and avoiding overhead irrigation.
- Yellow vein mosaic: It is caused by a virus and is characterized by yellowing and curling of leaves. The disease can be managed by removing the infected plants and practicing proper sanitation.
Common Pests of Facelis retusa
Facelis retusa is vulnerable to several pests that can affect its growth and yield. Common pests that affect deer weed include:
- Spider mites: They are tiny pests that feed on the leaves of the plant, causing yellowing and webbing. The pests can be managed by applying insecticidal soap and practicing proper sanitation.
- Caterpillars: They feed on the leaves of the plant, causing holes and defoliation. The pests can be managed by applying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and picking them by hand.
- Thrips: They are small insects that feed on the leaves and flowers of the plant, causing scarring and deformity. The pests can be managed by applying neem oil and practicing proper sanitation.
- Aphids: They are tiny insects that suck sap from the leaves of the plant, causing yellowing and stunted growth. The pests can be managed by applying insecticidal soap and practicing proper sanitation.
Using a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical measures can effectively manage diseases and pests in Facelis retusa. It is important to identify the symptoms of diseases and pests at an early stage and take appropriate measures to prevent their spread.
