Overview
Exomicrum pseudospicatum (Gilg) Tiegh. is a plant species belonging to the family Melastomataceae. It is commonly known as "Blue Tongue" or "False Spike Melastome". This plant is native to Central Africa and can be found growing in Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Description
The Blue Tongue plant is a fast-growing shrub that can reach up to 3 meters in height. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and measure between 5 to 15 cm long and 2 to 6 cm wide. The plant produces small flowers that are a deep purple color, appearing in clusters at the ends of the stem. The flowers give way to small, round, black fruit that is edible, though not commonly consumed.
Uses
The Blue Tongue plant has been used for medicinal purposes in traditional African medicine. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties. The leaves are crushed and used as a poultice to treat wounds and are also brewed into tea to treat fever. The plant is also used as a source of food for some animals, including monkeys and birds.
In addition, the Blue Tongue plant is grown as an ornamental plant in some parts of the world, as it produces beautiful flowers and has an interesting visual appeal.
Cultivation
The Blue Tongue plant prefers well-draining soil and partial shade. It is a hardy plant that can tolerate a range of soil types and can be propagated through cuttings or seeds. This plant is fast-growing and can quickly establish itself in a garden. It requires regular watering and pruning to maintain its shape and size.
Light Requirements
Exomicrum pseudospicatum grows best under full sunlight or some partial shade, receiving at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight each day. It is not recommended to grow this plant in fully shaded areas as it may not be able to reach its full potential.
Temperature Requirements
Exomicrum pseudospicatum prefers warm to hot temperatures and can withstand high heat. The ideal temperature range for its growth is between 20°C to 30°C. It cannot tolerate cold temperatures, and frost can destroy the plant, so it is best grown in a region with tropical or subtropical climate.
Soil Requirements
Exomicrum pseudospicatum requires well-drained soil that is rich in nutrients. It grows well in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils with a pH between 5.5 to 7.5. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, as waterlogging can cause root rot. Adding organic matter such as compost or manure to the soil can help improve the soil structure and nutrients.
Cultivation Methods
Exomicrum pseudospicatum (Gilg) Tiegh. is a perennial plant that thrives in well-draining soil with good aeration. It prefers partial shade and can grow up to 1m in height. A temperature range of 18-22°C and high humidity helps the plant grow healthily.
The plant can be grown directly from seeds or by dividing mature plants. To grow from seed, use a well-draining potting mix and water regularly. When the seedlings are a few centimeters high, transplant them to a larger pot or garden. Keep the soil moist and protect the plants from direct sunlight until they establish.
Watering Needs
The Exomicrum pseudospicatum (Gilg) Tiegh. plant prefers moist soil consistently. Water the plant frequently to keep the soil moist, but do not oversaturate it as this may cause root rot. When transplanting the seedlings, water them regularly until they establish.
When growing the plant outdoors, it would help if you watered it twice a week, depending on the prevailing weather conditions. If the soil is dry to touch, that's an indication that the plant needs water.
Fertilization Methods
Exomicrum pseudospicatum (Gilg) Tiegh. responds well to regular fertilization. Use a balanced fertilizer like 10-10-10 during the growing season for optimal results.
When planting, mix organic compost or manure with regular soil to increase the nutrient levels in the soil. This will reduce the need for additional fertilizer during the growing season. Apply the fertilizer every two weeks until the plant establishes, and reduces to monthly once it matures.
Pruning Methods
Pruning Exomicrum pseudospicatum (Gilg) Tiegh. is not a must, but it helps maintain the plant's shape and improve its overall health. Prune the plant during the dormant season, where the new shoots will not grow after cutting.
When pruning, use a clean, sharp tool to avoid damaging the plant. Cut off dead and diseased branches first, then cut off overgrown or crossing branches to maintain the plant's shape. After pruning, apply fungicide to prevent infections from developing in open wounds.
Propagation methods for Exomicrum pseudospicatum
Exomicrum pseudospicatum is a drought-tolerant plant that grows well in dry regions of Africa. It can be propagated through various methods, including:
Seed propagation
The easiest method to propagate Exomicrum pseudospicatum is through seed propagation. The plant produces tiny brownish-black seeds that can be collected and stored for future use. Before sowing the seeds, they need to be scarified to break their hard coat, which will allow for better water absorption during germination. The seeds can be sown directly into the ground or in pots filled with well-draining soil.
Cutting propagation
Exomicrum pseudospicatum can also be propagated through cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the active growth period, which is usually in the spring or summer. Take stem cuttings about 6 inches long, remove the lower leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder. Plant the cutting in a pot filled with moist soil, and cover it with a plastic bag to maintain humidity. After a few weeks, the cutting should have developed roots and can be transplanted into a larger pot or directly into the ground.
Division propagation
Exomicrum pseudospicatum can be propagated through division, but this method is not recommended as it can be detrimental to the plant's health. If division is necessary, it should be done during the active growth period when the plant is less likely to suffer from transplant shock. Dig up the plant gently and separate the root ball into smaller sections. Replant each section in well-draining soil, and keep it well-watered until it becomes established.
Disease and Pest Management for Exomicrum pseudospicatum
Exomicrum pseudospicatum is a member of the Gesneriaceae family and is native to Africa. This plant is hardy and resistant to many diseases and pests, but it can still be affected by a few common issues.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Exomicrum pseudospicatum is powdery mildew. This fungal infection appears as a white, powdery substance on the leaves of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, it's important to remove any affected leaves and to avoid getting water on the leaves when watering the plant. Applying a fungicide can also be helpful.
Another disease that can affect Exomicrum pseudospicatum is root rot. This occurs when the soil becomes too saturated with water, which leads to the roots becoming damaged and potentially infected with fungi. To prevent root rot, it's important to ensure that the plant is not overwatered and that the soil has good drainage. If root rot occurs, it may be necessary to repot the plant in fresh, well-draining soil.
Common Pests
One of the most common pests that can affect Exomicrum pseudospicatum is spider mites. These tiny pests feed on the plant's sap and can cause the leaves to become discolored and wilted. To manage spider mites, it's important to regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation and to remove any affected leaves. Applying insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be effective in controlling spider mites.
Another pest that can affect Exomicrum pseudospicatum is mealybugs. These pests are small, white, and waxy and can be found on the stems and undersides of leaves. Mealybugs feed on the plant's sap and can cause the leaves to become discolored and distorted. To manage mealybugs, it's important to remove any affected leaves and to use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove the pests from the plant. Applying insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be helpful in controlling mealybugs.
Overall, Exomicrum pseudospicatum is a hardy plant that is resistant to many issues. However, it's important to be vigilant for signs of disease or pest infestation and to take action quickly to manage any issues that arise.
