Plant Description
Exomicrum cabrae (Gilg) Tiegh. is a small, perennial herb that belongs to the family Melastomataceae. This plant is indigenous to tropical Africa and can be found in the countries of Cameroon, Gabon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Common Names
Exomicrum cabrae is commonly known as "mbunja" among the Mpongwe people of Gabon. It is also referred to as "Ibina" in the Lingala language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Uses
The leaves of Exomicrum cabrae are traditionally used for medicinal purposes. In Gabon, the leaves are crushed and the sap is utilized to treat skin diseases and rashes. The plant's roots are also used as a remedy for snake bites. In addition to its medicinal uses, Exomicrum cabrae has potential uses in conservation as an indicator species for forest degradation and soil erosion.
General Appearance
Exomicrum cabrae is a small herb that typically grows up to 40 centimeters in height. The plant has simple, opposite leaves that are elliptic or ovate in shape and smooth on both sides. Its flowers are pink or purple in color and are arranged in terminal and axillary corymbs. The fruits of Exomicrum cabrae are small, four-angled capsules.
Light Requirements
Exomicrum cabrae requires bright, indirect sunlight to thrive. Too much direct sunlight can cause the leaves to burn. Placing the plant near a west or south-facing window that gets bright but filtered light is ideal.
Temperature Requirements
Exomicrum cabrae prefers a warm, tropical climate with temperatures ranging between 65-80°F (18-26°C). The plant should be kept away from cold drafts as it can harm and stunt its growth.
Soil Requirements
The soil for Exomicrum cabrae should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. A high-quality houseplant potting mix amended with perlite or vermiculite is ideal. The soil pH should be between 6.0-7.0. The plant should also be kept evenly moist, but not waterlogged, particularly during the growing season.
Cultivation of Exomicrum cabrae
Exomicrum cabrae is a tropical plant species that is native to West and Central Africa. It is well adapted to warm and humid climates and can be cultivated in a wide range of soils including loamy, sandy, and clay soils. The plant prefers a well-draining soil with a pH range of 6 to 7.5.
Watering needs of Exomicrum cabrae
Exomicrum cabrae requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. Ensure that the soil is kept moist but not too waterlogged as this can lead to root rot. The frequency of irrigation should be reduced during the dormant season to avoid waterlogging the plant.
Fertilization of Exomicrum cabrae
Exomicrum cabrae requires regular feeding to support its growth and development. Fertilize the plant every two weeks during the growing season using a balanced fertilizer with a higher ratio of nitrogen. This will boost the growth of foliage and stems. During the dormant season, reduce the frequency of fertilization to once a month.
Pruning of Exomicrum cabrae
Exomicrum cabrae requires minimal pruning, but it is essential to remove any dead or diseased leaves to prevent the spread of diseases. You should also prune any leggy or overgrown stems to maintain the plant's compact and bushy appearance. Pruning should be done in the early spring before the onset of the growing season.
Propagation of Exomicrum cabrae
Exomicrum cabrae (Gilg) Tiegh. is a perennial plant native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. There are various methods of propagating Exomicrum cabrae, including:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is a common method to propagate Exomicrum cabrae. Collect seeds from matured fruits for better germination. The seeds should be soaked in warm water prior to planting, for about 24 hours. Sow the seeds in well-draining soil, and locate them in a warm and well-lit spot. Optimal temperature range is between 20 °C to 28 °C, and keep the soil moist. Germination occurs within 2 to 4 weeks.
Cuttings propagation
Exomicrum cabrae can also be propagated through stem cuttings with a minimum length of 10 cm. First, remove leaves from the lower half of the cutting and dip the cut end in a rooting hormone. Insert the cutting into well-draining compost or sand, nearly up to a half of its length. Make sure to keep the soil moist and in a warm spot with high humidity to promote root development. It takes about 3-4 weeks for the cutting to root and start growing.
Division propagation
Division propagation is the most natural way to multiply Exomicrum cabrae. This method is best done in the spring. Dig the plant out of the ground and separate the roots into smaller sections, ensuring that each section has several stems. Replant in a spot with well-draining soil, and water until the plant starts growing steadily.
By following these propagation methods, you can successfully grow and propagate Exomicrum cabrae.
Disease and Pest Management for Exomicrum cabrae
Exomicrum cabrae is a tropical plant that grows in full sun to partial shade and requires good drainage. It is susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can cause damage to the plant.
Common diseases
One common disease that affects Exomicrum cabrae is root rot. This occurs when the plant is overwatered and the soil becomes waterlogged, leading to the death of the plant roots. To prevent and manage root rot, it is important to ensure proper drainage, especially during rainy seasons. Additionally, avoid overwatering the plant and remove any standing water around the plant.
Fungal diseases such as leaf spot and powdery mildew can also affect Exomicrum cabrae. These diseases cause spots on leaves and can lead to leaf loss and stunted growth. To prevent and manage these diseases, ensure good air circulation around the plant, avoid overcrowding, and remove any infected leaves or branches. Fungicides can also be used to treat severe cases.
Common pests
Exomicrum cabrae is also susceptible to pest infestations, including mealybugs and scale insects. Mealybugs are small white insects that cluster around the stems and leaves, while scale insects are small brown or black insects that attach to the plant and suck sap from the leaves and stems. Both pests can cause damage to the plant and reduce its overall health.
To manage mealybugs and scale insects, prune off any heavily-infested branches and use a soft brush or cloth to remove the insects by hand. You can also use insecticidal soap or oil sprays to control the pests. It is important to monitor the plant regularly for any signs of new infestations and take action early to prevent further damage.
Overall, Exomicrum cabrae is a beautiful and hardy plant that can be easily managed with proper care and attention to its disease and pest control needs.
