Overview
Exomicrum axillare (Oliv.) Tiegh. is a plant species that originated from Africa. It is commonly known by different names and it is found in different parts of the world. This plant is well known for its numerous uses and benefits, particularly in traditional medicine.
Appearance
The plant has a unique appearance with dark green leaves and a woody stem that can grow up to 6 feet tall. The leaves are opposite and are a lanceolate shape with pointed tips. Its flowers are small, white, and fragrant and they are produced in dense clusters at the leaf axils. The fruits of E. axillare are tiny, brown capsules that are about 2-3mm in size.
Common Names
Exomicrum axillare is known by various names in different regions. Some of its common names include African Holistic Tree, Brown Leaf, Niewoudtville Bottle Tree, and Thorny Corkwood.
Uses
E. axillare is used for its different medicinal properties and various part of the plant are used for these purposes such as its roots, stems, fruit, and leaves. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat various ailments including malaria, wounds, and coughs. Additionally, the plant's bark and roots are used for toothaches and gum diseases, while the leaves and roots are often used as a remedy for snakebites.
Exomicrum axillare is also used for ecological reasons, particularly for soil conservation. The plant is known to have a high tolerance to drought and soil erosion. Its ability to grow in a wide range of environmental conditions makes it a suitable choice for reforestation and afforestation, especially in areas affected by deforestation and desertification.
Light Requirements:
Exomicrum axillare generally requires full or partial sunlight for optimal growth. In its natural environment, it grows in open areas with exposure to direct sunlight. Indoor plants should be placed near a window or under grow lights that mimic natural sunlight.
Temperature Requirements:
This plant prefers warm temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C. It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures but may not grow as vigorously. In colder regions, the plant can be grown indoors or in a greenhouse with regulated temperature and humidity. Extreme temperatures below 10°C or above 40°C can be harmful to Exomicrum axillare and stunt its growth.
Soil Requirements:
Exomicrum axillare prefers well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients. The soil should have a pH level of around 6.0 to 7.0. The plant can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy and loamy soils. The addition of organic matter such as compost or peat moss can enhance the soil's fertility and improve water retention. Regular fertilization with a balanced fertilizer can also promote healthy growth.
Cultivation of Exomicrum Axillare
Exomicrum axillare is a tropical plant native to Central and South America and requires warm temperatures and high humidity to grow. It thrives in bright, indirect sunlight and well-draining soil that's rich in organic matter. It's best to plant it in a pot or container with many drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Watering Needs
The Exomicrum axillare prefers consistently moist soil, but it's crucial not to overwater it, as this will lead to root rot. Water the plant only when the top one inch of soil feels dry to the touch. During winter, reduce watering as the plant enters its dormant phase.
Fertilization Requirements
Exomicrum axillare requires regular fertilization during the growing season to encourage healthy growth. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer, applied at half-strength every two weeks, will provide the plant with enough nutrients. Avoid fertilizing during the winter months, as the plant will not require additional nutrients as it is in its dormant phase.
Pruning
Pruning the Exomicrum axillare regularly will encourage bushier, fuller growth. Cut back leggy stems in the spring or early summer to encourage new growth at the base of the plant. Pinching out the tips of young shoots and cutting back older growth that isn't performing well will also encourage bushier growth. Use clean, sharp pruning shears to avoid damaging the plant, and sterilize them between cuts to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Exomicrum axillare (Oliv.) Tiegh.
The Exomicrum axillare is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. It is a widely grown plant due to its medicinal qualities and ornamental value. Propagation of Exomicrum axillare is possible through several methods such as:
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most commonly used method of propagation is by seeds. Seeds are collected from the mature capsules just before they burst open. The seeds should be sown immediately in a germination tray containing a well-drained mixture of sand and soil. The tray should be placed in the shade and watered twice a day until the seeds germinate. After a month, the seedlings can be transplanted into pots with potting soil and kept in a shaded area until they are strong enough to be planted out.
Cutting Propagation
Exomicrum axillare can also be propagated through cuttings. This technique is used to produce new plants that are identical to the parent plant. Collect cuttings from healthy plants with a sharp and sterilized knife, ensuring that each cutting has at least two nodes. Dip the cuttings in a rooting hormone and plant them in a well-drained potting mix. The cuttings should be kept in a shaded area and regularly watered until roots have formed.
Division Propagation
Propagation by division involves dividing a mature plant into several smaller plants, each with its own root system. This technique is suitable for mature plants that have become too large for their pot or location. To divide the plant, gently remove it from its pot, and using a sharp and sterilized knife cut the plant into smaller sections. Each section should have healthy roots and several stems. Replant each section in a well-drained potting mix and keep them in a shaded area until they have established.
Disease Management for Exomicrum axillare
Exomicrum axillare is generally a hardy plant that is not significantly affected by diseases. However, some diseases that may affect this plant include:
- Leaf Spot: Leaf spots are common in the rainy season. Yellow or brown spots develop on the leaves, and if left unchecked, may cause the leaves to fall prematurely. To control this, remove affected leaves and prune the plant to guarantee proper air circulation.
- Root Rot: The plant can develop root rot when there is too much water or poor drainage. Healthy roots should be firm and white; rotten roots should be removed promptly. To prevent fungal growth from spreading, avoid watering the plant for one to two weeks after applying a fungicide.
- Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal disease that may appear as round spots on the plant's leaves, causing the leaves to curl or become discoloured. Debris and plant waste should be removed from the plant's surroundings, and the plant should be given proper air circulation to avoid the disease.
Pest Management for Exomicrum axillare
Exomicrum axillare is frequently pest-resistant and hardy, but it may still suffer from pests such as:
- Thrips: Thrips may cause yellowing or distortion of the leaves, and they can transmit viruses to the plant. Insecticidal soap should be applied according to the instructions on the package.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that might attack plants in drought conditions. A strong blast of water may be used to wash them off the plant. Insecticidal soap can be useful, but it should be applied regularly.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, hairy insects that harm plants by feeding on healthy plant tissues. Neem oil spray is a natural way to control mealybugs. Insecticidal soap is also effective, but it requires regular application.
