Overview
Evolvulus nummularius, commonly known as Moneywort or Blue Daze, is a small, low-growing perennial herb that belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of America, primarily found in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central and South America. This plant is often grown as an ornamental for its bright blue flowers, but it has also been used for medicinal purposes.
Appearance
The Moneywort plant has trailing stems that can grow up to 1 meter in length, though it usually stays much shorter. The leaves are small, alternate, and almost circular, measuring only about 1 to 2 centimeters in diameter. The plant's flowers are small, funnel-shaped, and bright blue in color, and they grow in clusters at the end of the stems. The plant has a very short blooming season, usually occurring in the warmer months of the year.
Uses
The Moneywort plant is mainly grown as an ornamental due to its bright blue flowers. It is often used in landscaping as a ground-covering plant or in hanging baskets for its trailing stems. In some cultures, the plant is used for medicinal purposes, including treating fever, cough, and respiratory ailments. Its crushed leaves and stems can also be used topically as an antiseptic.
However, it's important to note that the plant contains toxic alkaloids, including evolvine and turicatacine, in its leaves, stems, and flowers, which can cause side effects such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting if ingested in large quantities. Therefore, it's advised to consult a professional before using this plant for medicinal purposes.
Light Requirements
Evolvulus nummularius is a sun-loving plant that prefers full sunlight for optimal growth. It can tolerate partial shade, but prolonged periods of shade can negatively impact its growth. Inadequate exposure to sunlight can result in a weak plant with poor flowering and reduced foliage development.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 20-35°C, making it ideal for growth in tropical and subtropical regions. Cooler temperatures, especially below 10°C, can harm the plant and inhibit its growth. Frost is also detrimental to Evolvulus nummularius.
Soil Requirements
Evolvulus nummularius prefers soils that are well-drained and have a pH between 6.0-7.5. It can tolerate various soils, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, but it requires good drainage to prevent waterlogging. The plant also benefits from additional organic matter in the soil, either through the addition of compost or well-rotted manure.
Cultivation Methods for Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. is a low-growing herbaceous plant that is cultivated as ground cover or border edging in gardens. It thrives in hot and dry conditions, and grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-11. Here are some cultivation methods that can help you grow a healthy and vibrant Evolvulus nummularius plant:
- Planting: The plant prefers full sunlight but can also tolerate partial shade. It should be planted in well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.5.
- Spacing: Space the plants about 6-12 inches apart from each other to allow them to spread and cover the ground uniformly.
- Mulching: Mulch around the plant to prevent weed growth, conserve soil moisture, and keep the roots cool during hot weather.
- Propagation: Propagate the plant through stem cuttings or seeds. Cuttings should be taken from the stem tips of the plant in spring or early summer and should be placed in moist soil until roots develop.
Watering Needs for Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. has moderate water needs, and it is essential to give it the right amount of water for optimal health and growth. Here are some watering tips:
- Water the plant regularly, especially during hot and dry weather, to keep the soil moist.
- Overwatering can lead to root rot, so avoid watering too frequently.
- The frequency of watering depends on the weather conditions, soil type, and drainage. Make sure the top one inch of soil is dry to the touch before watering the plant again.
Fertilization for Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.
The plant requires moderate fertilization to promote healthy growth and flowering. Here are some fertilization tips:
- Use a balanced fertilizer with an even nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio.
- The application rate should be 1/4 to 1/2 cup per 10 square feet of planting area. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive growth and reduced flowering.
- Fertilize the plant every four to six weeks during the growing season (spring to fall), and reduce the frequency during the winter months.
Pruning Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.
Pruning the plant is essential for shaping, maintaining, and encouraging new growth. Here are some pruning tips:
- Prune the plant after each flowering cycle to promote bushier growth and maintain a compact shape.
- Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged leaves and stems regularly to prevent the spread of diseases.
- Prune back the plant drastically in late winter or early spring to encourage vigorous new growth and flowering during the growing season.
Propagation of Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L., commonly known as dwarf morning glory, is a fast-growing and low-maintenance plant. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. Here are the propagation methods of Evolvulus nummularius:
Seed propagation
One of the easiest and most common ways to propagate Evolvulus nummularius is through seed propagation. Collect the seeds from mature plants when the seed capsules dry and split open. Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix and cover them with a thin layer of soil. Water the soil regularly and keep it moist until the seeds germinate. The seeds usually take around 7-14 days to germinate.
Cutting propagation
Cutting propagation is another common method to propagate Evolvulus nummularius. Take 3 to 4-inch-long stem cuttings from a mature plant and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cuttings into rooting hormones and plant them in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and provide a warm and humid environment, preferably using a propagator. In a few weeks, new roots will develop, and the cuttings will be ready to transplant.
Division
Division is another way to propagate Evolvulus nummularius. Divide the mature plants during the spring season when they start to become overcrowded. Carefully dig out the plant and gently separate the clumps from each other. Replant each clump in a new pot or location, making sure to water them thoroughly.
Propagation of Evolvulus nummularius is relatively easy and straightforward. Whether you choose seed propagation, cutting propagation, or division, you can expect to have a beautiful and healthy plant in no time.
Disease Management for Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.
E. nummularius plants are susceptible to various diseases, and management strategies can help minimize their impact on plant growth. Some of the most common diseases that affect this plant include:
Leaf Spot Disease
Leaf spot disease is a fungal infection that affects the foliage of E. nummularius. Infected leaves develop small, circular lesions, which may be yellow or black in color, and spread quickly across the plant. The best way to manage leaf spot disease is by removing and destroying infected leaves. Using a fungicide is also an effective solution, but it is better to prevent spraying during frost or high temperatures.
Root Rot Disease
Root rot is a fungal infection that affects the roots of E. nummularius, which can lead to a significant reduction in plant growth and even death. Infected plants have weak, brown roots that fall apart easily. The best way to prevent root rot disease is by using well-drained soil. Soil preparation should involve adding organic materials like compost, which increase soil aeration and drainage. Using fungicides such as copper or sulfur helps destroy the pathogens.
Powdery Mildew Disease
Powdery mildew disease is a fungal infection that is common in plants grown in areas with high humidity or low ventilation. Infected leaves develop a powdery white substance on the surface, which can reduce photosynthesis and affect plant growth. The best way to manage powdery mildew disease is by spraying E. nummularius plants with fungicides. Keeping plants from high relative humidity and providing adequate ventilation also helps to prevent the disease.
Pest Management for Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.
E. nummularius plants often fall victim to various pests. The following common pests may cause damage:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are small, sap-sucking insects that feed on the underside of leaves, causing yellowing and wilting of the leaves. To prevent spider mite infestation, gardeners should provide adequate ventilation and avoid overwatering of plants. If an infestation occurs, apply or spray plant with a pesticide in the morning to avoid spraying in high temperatures.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs are white insects with cottony, waxy secretions that feed on the sap of E. nummularius and other plants. They cause severe damage to the plant by reducing photosynthesis and inhibiting its growth. The best way to manage mealybugs is to pick them up from the foliage with cotton swabs dipped in alcohol or insecticidal soap. If the infestation is severe, one may use systemic pesticides by spraying or soil application.
Aphids
Aphids are tiny, soft-bodied, pear-shaped insects that feed on plant sap and cause distortion, stunted growth, and even death in extreme cases. They also act as vectors for viral diseases. The best way to manage aphids in E. nummularius is by pruning and getting rid of infested parts of the plant. Using pesticides such as insecticidal soap or neem oil also helps in managing the infestation.
