Overview
Evolvulus alsinoides, also known as Dwarf Morning Glory, is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. The plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties and is now widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Common Names
Evolvulus alsinoides is commonly known as Dwarf Morning Glory, Shankhapushpi, Vishnukant, and in Ayurveda, it is also known as Brahmi.
Appearance
The plant has a spreading growth habit and can reach a height of 20-30 cm. The leaves are smooth, oblong, and about 1-2 cm in length. The plant flowers from June to September, producing small pale blue or white flowers that are about 5 mm in diameter. The flowers usually bloom in a cluster at the ends of the branches.
Uses
Evolvulus alsinoides has been used in traditional medicine for centuries for its calming, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, and cognition-improving effects. It is also believed to help alleviate symptoms of depression, stress, and fatigue. In Ayurveda, it is used to improve memory, promote mental clarity, and treat nervous disorders.
The plant is also used as an ornamental plant for its attractive flowers and foliage. It is easy to grow, low maintenance, and can be grown in containers or as a ground cover.
Light Requirements
Evolvulus alsinoides grows best under full sun conditions. The plant requires at least 6-8 hours of sunlight daily. It can tolerate partial shade, but intense sunlight exposure increases its flowering and growth rate. If grown indoors, it requires bright artificial light, such as fluorescent bulbs, to mimic the conditions of natural sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows optimally in warm temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C. It can tolerate slightly lower temperatures, but it is susceptible to frost and cold damage at temperatures below 10°C. Higher temperatures above 35°C may cause heat stress and affect growth adversely. Therefore, it is crucial to keep the plant in a suitable temperature range to encourage healthy growth.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining, loamy soils with a pH range of 6.5-7.5. The soil should have good moisture-retention capability to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Adding organic matter such as composted leaves and manure can improve soil quality and provide essential nutrients for the plant's growth. The addition of a top layer of mulch can help maintain soil moisture and temperature, suppress weed growth, and reduce erosion.
Cultivation methods
Evolvulus alsinoides, commonly known as Dwarf Morning Glory, prefers full sunlight and well-drained loamy soil. The plant can grow in a range of soil pH levels, including acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils. It can easily grow in containers and is suitable for small gardens, balconies, and terraces. Seeds or cuttings can be used for propagation, and the best time to plant is during spring or summer.
Watering needs
Evolvulus alsinoides needs regular watering during the growing season. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, as waterlogging can cause root rot. The watering frequency can be based on the soil moisture level and weather conditions. During the rainy season, watering can be reduced to avoid waterlogging.
Fertilization
Fertilization can be done with a balanced NPK fertilizer during the growing season. The frequency of fertilization can vary based on the soil quality and plant growth rate. Overfertilizing can cause excessive foliage growth and reduced flowering.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Dwarf Morning Glory except to remove dead or diseased branches. However, pruning can be done to maintain the plant's shape and size. The best time to prune is during early spring before new growth appears. Regular deadheading can also help prolong flowering and promote new blooms.
Propagation of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L., commonly known as Dwarf morning-glory, is a low-growing perennial plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. This plant is widely cultivated for its medicinal properties.
Propagation Methods
E. alsinoides can be propagated through various methods such as seed, stem cuttings, and division. The following are the details of each method:
Seed Propagation
Propagation through seeds is a common method and is relatively easy. Collect mature seeds from the plant and sow them in well-draining soil mix. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1 cm. Water the seeds gently and avoid overwatering. Germination may take up to 2-3 weeks. After germination, the seedlings should be transplanted individually to bigger pots or containers.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Propagation through stem cuttings is another effective method. Take a 10-15 cm long cutting from a healthy plant with a sharp pruning shears. Remove the leaves from the lower 2/3 of the cutting and treat the cut end with rooting hormone powder. Insert the cutting into a well-draining soil mix and water it gently. Place the container in a shady spot and keep the soil moist. After 6-8 weeks, the roots will develop, and the new plant can be transplanted to a bigger pot or directly to the garden.
Division Propagation
If the plant has grown big enough, it can be divided for propagation. Dig up the plant, remove the soil, and carefully separate the newer growth from the older plant using a sharp knife. Plant each division in a separate container with well-draining soil mix and water it gently. The plant needs to be kept in a bright and warm location for a few days until it adapts to the new environment.
Propagation of E. alsinoides is an easy and effective way to multiply the plants. Growers can choose any method according to their convenience, and the resulting plant will be as beautiful as the original plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. is a hardy plant that is not prone to many diseases and pests. However, it is essential to take care of it by ensuring proper sanitation and preventive measures to avoid the spread of infections. Here are some of the diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Fungal Diseases: Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. is susceptible to various fungal diseases, such as root and stem rot, powdery mildew, and leaf spot. These diseases are caused by fungi that thrive in damp and humid conditions.
The best way to manage these diseases is by ensuring proper sanitation practices, such as removing and destroying infected plant debris and avoiding overhead watering. You can also use fungicides, such as copper-based sprays, to prevent and manage fungal diseases.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that suck sap from the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. They weaken the plant, leaving it vulnerable to diseases.
One way to manage aphids is by using insecticidal soaps or oils. You can also introduce beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, to feed on the aphids. Another way to control aphids is by keeping the plant healthy and stress-free by providing enough water and nutrients.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to dry out and turn yellow. They thrive in hot and dry conditions, making them a common pest in indoor plants.
To manage spider mites, you can increase humidity levels or use insecticidal soaps or oils. Introducing predatory insects, such as ladybugs and predatory mites, can also help control spider mites. Regularly washing the plants with water can also help keep spider mites in check.
Conclusion
Preventing diseases and pests from infesting Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. is easier than trying to manage a full-blown infection. By maintaining proper sanitation practices, providing adequate water and nutrients, and being vigilant for signs of diseases and pests, you can keep your plant healthy and thriving.
