Origin
Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br., also known as the dwarf-flowering spurge, is a succulent shrub that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Southern Africa and is widely distributed throughout the region, particularly in Namibia and the Republic of South Africa.
Common Names
The plant is commonly referred to as the dwarf-flowering spurge due to its small size and the size of its flowers. It is also known as the Namibian spurge or the Namibian euphorbia due to its origin in Namibia.
Uses
Although it is primarily cultivated as an ornamental plant, Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. is also used as a medicinal herb to treat various ailments such as tuberculosis, skin disorders, and venereal diseases. The plant also contains a latex that is used in the production of latex gloves, rubber, and other products.
General Appearance
Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. is a small succulent shrub that grows up to 30cm in height. The plant has a thick, fleshy stem that is covered in small, green leaves. The flowers of the dwarf-flowering spurge are small and yellow, and they grow in clusters at the end of the stems. The plant produces a white, milky latex that is toxic if ingested and can cause skin irritation.
Light Requirements
Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. requires bright but indirect light for optimum growth. The plant can tolerate some shade, but it needs at least 4-6 hours of sunlight per day to thrive.
Temperature Requirements
Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. grows best in warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range is between 65-85°F (18-30°C). Temperatures below 60°F (15°C) can damage the plant, while temperatures above 90°F (32°C) can cause the plant to wilt.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A mix of loam, sand, and peat moss is ideal for Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral (6.0-7.0). The plant is susceptible to root rot, so it is essential to avoid waterlogging the soil and ensure adequate drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. is a hardy succulent that thrives in full sun. The plant prefers well-draining soil, preferably gritty or sandy soil that can mimic the natural conditions of its habitat. It needs protection from frost and excessive moisture, which can cause the roots to rot.
Propagation can be done through stem cuttings so long as they are allowed to dry out for a few days before planting. The plants can be grown in containers indoors or outdoors. When grown indoors, ensure they receive sufficient natural light by placing them near the window.
Watering Needs
Water Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. sparingly to prevent root rot. The plant can tolerate short periods of drought and should only be watered when the soil is completely dry. When watering, ensure you allow the water to soak deeply into the soil, but avoid leaving the roots standing in water for too long.
Fertilization
During the growing season, fertilize the plant once every two weeks with a balanced liquid fertilizer to promote healthy growth. Avoid fertilizing the plant during the winter months, as this is a dormant time for the plant.
Pruning
Pruning Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. is only necessary to remove diseased or damaged branches or to control its size. Wear gloves and protective clothing when pruning, as the plant has a toxic sap that can cause skin and eye irritation. Cut out damaged branches with a sterilized tool, leaving a smooth surface to prevent moisture from entering the plant.
Propagation of Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br.
Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br., also known as the Shire Euphorbia, is a succulent plant that is native to Ethiopia. It is easy to propagate and can be done by a variety of methods.
Seed Propagation
One of the easiest ways to propagate Euphorbia subterminalis is through seeds. Seeds can be collected from the plant when they are ripe, which is usually in the fall. The seeds can then be planted in a well-draining soil mix, covered with a thin layer of soil, and kept moist. It is important to keep the soil moist but not too wet, as this can cause the seeds to rot. Seeds can take anywhere from 1-3 weeks to germinate.
Cuttings Propagation
Another way to propagate Euphorbia subterminalis is through cuttings. Cuttings should be taken in the spring or summer, as this is when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be taken from the top of the plant and should be about 4-6 inches in length. The cuttings should be allowed to dry out for a day or two before being planted in a well-draining soil mix. Cuttings should be kept in a warm, bright location and watered sparingly until they have established roots.
Division Propagation
Euphorbia subterminalis can also be propagated through division. This method is best done in the spring when the plant is actively growing. To divide the plant, carefully dig it up and gently separate the roots into smaller sections. Each section should have its own stem and root system. The divided sections can then be replanted in a well-draining soil mix.
Propagation from Offsets
Finally, Euphorbia subterminalis can be propagated through offsets. Offsets are smaller plants that grow off the parent plant. To propagate from offsets, simply remove the smaller plant from the parent and replant it in a well-draining soil mix. Water sparingly until it has established roots.
Overall, Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. is a resilient plant that is easy to propagate through a variety of methods. With proper care, propagation can be successful and lead to a beautiful, thriving plant.
Disease Management
Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br. is vulnerable to several diseases that can be detrimental to the plant's health and ultimately lead to its death. The following are some common diseases that might affect this plant:
- Root Rot: Overwatering or poorly drained soils can lead to root rot in Euphorbia subterminalis. Yellowing leaves, wilting, and a foul smell from the soil are indications of this disease.
- Fungal Diseases: Powdery mildew and stem canker are common fungal diseases that can affect the plant. Powdery mildew can cause the leaves to become distorted, whereas stem canker can cause the stems to become weak and ultimately break.
To manage these diseases, it's essential to take the following preventive measures:
- Avoid overwatering and ensure that the soil is well-drained to prevent root rot from occurring.
- Avoid overcrowding of plants and ensure that there is enough space between them to improve air circulation and reduce the likelihood of fungal diseases.
- Ensure that the plant is grown in well-aerated soil and an area with good sunlight exposure to reduce the likelihood of fungal diseases.
- If the plant is already infected, it's essential to cut away the infected parts and dispose of it away from the plant and use a fungicide to prevent further spread of the disease.
Pest Management
Euphorbia subterminalis also faces a threat from pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. The following are some common pests that might affect this plant:
- Mealybugs: These pests appear as white cotton-like masses and can cause yellowing and wilting of the plant.
- Scale insects: These pests appear as small round bumps on the plant's stem and can cause leaf shedding and discoloration in the plant.
- Spider Mites: These pests are tiny and not visible to the naked eye. They cause discoloration of leaves and the formation of fine webbing on the plant.
To manage these pests, it's essential to take the following preventive measures:
- Regular inspection of the plant to detect the presence of pests and take necessary actions.
- Use of organic pesticides and insecticides that are environmentally friendly to get rid of pests.
- Isolate the infected plant and treat it separately to prevent the spread of pests to other plants.
- Ensure that the plant is grown in an area with enough sunlight and good air circulation to discourage the growth of pests.
