Origin
Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern, also known as the candelabra tree, thorn tree, or naboom, is a succulent tree species native to southern Africa, particularly in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. It commonly grows in dry and arid areas with sandy soil and is able to tolerate high temperatures and drought conditions.
Common Names
Aside from candelabra tree, thorn tree, and naboom, Euphorbia candelabrum is also colloquially known as the euphorbia cactus, muba, and omuhongo.
Uses
Traditionally, various parts of Euphorbia candelabrum are used for medicinal purposes in southern Africa. The leaves are used as a remedy for stomach pain, diarrhea, and fever. The milky sap or latex of the plant is used as a purgative and can be applied topically to treat wounds or skin infections.
Additionally, the wood of the candelabra tree is strong and resilient, making it ideal for use in carpentry and woodworking. It is commonly used to make furniture, tool handles, and even canoes.
General Appearance
Euphorbia candelabrum is a tall and striking succulent tree that can grow up to 7 meters in height. Its trunk is covered in dense thorns and often branches out into multiple arms that resemble the shape of a candelabrum or cactus. The leaves are small and clustered near the tips of the branches, and the plant produces clusters of tiny greenish-yellow flowers in late winter to early spring. Its fruit is a dry capsule that splits open to release seeds.
Growth conditions for Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern
Light: Euphorbia candelabrum requires bright, indirect light for optimal growth. Too much direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, while too little light can make the plant leggy and weak.
Temperature: This plant is only suitable for warm climates and cannot tolerate frost or cold weather. The ideal temperature range for Euphorbia candelabrum is between 18°C and 28°C (64°F to 82°F).
Soil requirements: Euphorbia candelabrum prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0 - 7.0). It also requires soil that is rich in organic matter, which helps to retain moisture and nutrients. Waterlogged soil can cause root rot and damage the plant.
Water: This plant requires moderate watering, about once a week during the growing season and less frequently during the dormant period. It is essential to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Also, ensure that the water does not accumulate in the central stem of the plant, as it can lead to damage or rot.
Fertilizer: Euphorbia candelabrum responds well to regular fertilization. Use a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) or a cactus/succulent fertilizer during the growing season. It is best to reduce or stop fertilizing during the dormant period.
Humidity: Euphorbia candelabrum does not require high levels of humidity. If you live in a dry climate, you can use a humidifier or place the pot on a tray of wet pebbles to increase humidity levels.
Cultivation of Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern
Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern is a succulent plant that is easy to cultivate. It can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. The plant thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 20°C to 35°C and can tolerate high humidity levels. The plant grows well in well-drained soils and requires adequate sunlight to thrive.
When planting Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern, ensure that the soil is free from pests and diseases. The soil should also be able to retain moisture without becoming waterlogged. Waterlogging can be avoided by adding sand and compost to the planting soil. The plant does not require frequent watering and can survive long periods of drought.
Watering Needs of Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern
Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern is a succulent plant that requires minimal watering. The plant stores water in its stems, leaves, and roots that can sustain it for long periods. The plant should be watered sparingly, and the soil should be allowed to dry out completely between watering sessions. Over-watering can cause root rot, which can lead to the death of the plant.
Fertilization of Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern
Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern requires little fertilization since it can obtain nutrients from the soil. However, the plant can benefit from occasional fertilization using a balanced fertilizer that contains equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Fertilization can be done during the growing season, but it should be done sparingly to avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to the death of the plant.
Pruning of Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern
Pruning is not necessary for Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern. However, the plant can be pruned to remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. The pruning should be done during the growing season using a sharp pruning tool to avoid damaging the plant. The pruned parts of the plant should be disposed of appropriately to avoid the spread of diseases and pests.
Propagation of Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern
Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern, commonly known as the candlestick euphorbia, is a succulent plant species native to Namibia and southern Angola. It is a tall and spectacular plant that can reach up to 10 meters in height, with a thick, cylindrical stem and numerous branches.
Propagation Methods
Euphorbia candelabrum can be propagated through several methods, including by seed and stem cuttings. Here are the two most common methods:
Propagation by Seeds
The easiest method of propagating Euphorbia candelabrum is through seeds. To propagate through seeds, follow the below instructions:
- Collect the seeds from the ripe fruit pods of the plant.
- Clean the seeds and remove any debris, then let them dry for at least a day.
- Fill a pot with well-draining soil. The pot should be deep enough for the seeds to be buried about a centimeter under the soil surface.
- Water the soil, then plant the seeds and cover them with soil.
- Place the pot in a warm and sunny spot. Water the soil regularly to keep it consistently moist, but not waterlogged.
- The seeds should germinate within a week or two, and the seedlings should be transplanted into individual pots when they are big enough to handle.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Another way to propagate Euphorbia candelabrum is through stem cuttings. Follow the below steps to propagate via stem cuttings:
- Cut a stem that is at least 30 centimeters long from the parent plant. The stem should be mature and healthy, with no signs of disease or damage.
- Leave the cutting to dry in a shaded and warm spot for at least a week. This will help callus the wound and prevent rotting when planted.
- Fill a pot with well-draining soil and water it thoroughly.
- Plant the cutting about 5 centimeters deep into the soil. Gently press the soil around the cutting to ensure it stays upright and in place.
- Water the cutting sparingly until you see new growth, which should indicate that the roots have established. After that, water the plant regularly but be cautious not to overwater.
- At this point, you can transplant the plant outdoors or into a bigger pot.
Disease and Pest Management for Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern
Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern is a succulent plant native to Africa and commonly used for landscaping and ornamental purposes. To ensure its optimal growth, disease and pest management are essential. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect this plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Root Rot: Root rot is a common disease that affects Euphorbia candelabrum. It is caused by fungi that thrive in damp soil. The symptoms of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting, and a foul smell. To manage root rot, remove the affected plant from the soil and remove any affected roots. Ensure that the soil is well-draining to avoid waterlogging, and avoid overwatering.
2. Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that results in the formation of black spots on the leaves of Euphorbia candelabrum. The spots may grow larger and merge to form large patches that cause leaf yellowing and wilting. To manage leaf spot, remove the affected plant parts and spray the plant with a fungicide. Ensure that the plant has proper air circulation to prevent fungal growth.
Pests
1. Mealybugs: Mealybugs are common pests that attack Euphorbia candelabrum. They are small, white, and covered with a powdery wax. Mealybugs suck sap from the leaves and stems of the plant, causing stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. To manage mealybugs, remove them from the leaves and stems using a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Alternatively, spray the plant with an insecticide containing neem oil or insecticidal soap.
2. Scale Insects: Scale insects are another pest that affects Euphorbia candelabrum. They are small, brown or black, and have a hard shell. Scale insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing of the leaves and stunted growth. To manage scale insects, remove them from the plant using a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Alternatively, spray the plant with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.
In conclusion, disease and pest management are crucial for the optimal growth of Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern. By identifying the common diseases and pests and using the appropriate control measures, you can ensure that your plant remains healthy and vibrant.
