Overview
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is a species of flowering plant in the Euphorbiaceae family. This plant is commonly known as "para-cress," "Brazilian toothache plant," or "Jambu." It is a popular plant in Brazil, where it is used as a natural anesthetic and for culinary purposes.
Origin
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is native to Brazil, and it can also be found in other parts of South America, such as Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia. In Brazil, the plant grows wild in various regions, including the Amazon rainforest and the Atlantic forest.
Appearance
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is a herbaceous annual plant that grows up to 60 cm in height. It has thin, green stems with small leaves arranged alternately. The flowers are yellow-green, small, and inconspicuous. The plant produces small seed capsules that contain numerous tiny seeds.
Uses
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. has many uses, especially in traditional medicine and culinary applications. In Brazil, the plant is used as a natural anesthetic to alleviate toothache, sore throat, and other oral discomforts. The active compound responsible for this effect is spilanthol, which produces a tingling sensation in the mouth and numbs the area it touches.
Additionally, Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is also used in culinary applications, particularly in the Amazon region, where it is used to add flavor and aroma to various dishes. The plant is commonly added to fish stews, soups, and salads. It is also infused in beverages, such as tea and beer, to enhance the flavor. The plant's leaves and flowers are also used as a condiment to add flavor to various meat dishes.
However, it should be noted that the plant is toxic when consumed in large amounts. Therefore, it should only be consumed in small quantities and under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
Light Requirements
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. requires full sun to thrive. It grows best when exposed to direct sunlight for several hours a day. In areas with intense heat, the plant may benefit from partial shade during the hottest part of the day.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is between 65°F and 85°F (18°C to 29°C). It can tolerate temperatures outside of this range for short periods but may undergo stress if it is exposed to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) for prolonged periods or if it experiences temperatures above 100°F (38°C).
Soil Requirements
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. grows best in well-draining, sandy or loamy soil that has a slightly acidic to neutral pH (between 6.0 and 7.0). The plant can tolerate mildly alkaline soil. It doesn't do well in heavy, clay soils that retain excessive moisture. The addition of organic matter such as compost can improve the soil structure and nutrient content.
Cultivation
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is a hardy plant that thrives in a variety of conditions. It can be grown both indoors and outdoors, as long as it is placed in well-draining soil and receives adequate sunlight.
For indoor cultivation, a bright location with indirect sunlight is ideal. Outdoor cultivation requires a spot that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight per day.
When planting Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam., be sure to space the plants at least 18 inches apart to allow for growth.
Watering
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is a drought-resistant plant that does not require frequent watering. Watering should be done only when the soil is completely dry, and the plant should never sit in standing water.
In the summer months, watering can be increased slightly, but care should be taken not to overwater.
Fertilization
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. does not require frequent fertilization. However, a balanced fertilizer can be applied once every 2-3 months during the growing season to promote healthy growth.
It is important not to overfertilize, as this can lead to the burning of the plant's roots and foliage.
Pruning
Pruning Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is necessary to maintain its shape and prevent overgrowth. The plant should be pruned in the late winter or early spring before new growth appears.
A sharp pair of pruning shears can be used to remove any dead or diseased branches. The plant can also be pruned to encourage bushy growth and to remove any unwanted shoots.
It is important to wear protective gloves and clothing when pruning Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. as its sap is toxic and can cause skin irritation.
Propagation of Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam.
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. can be propagated through various methods, including:
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is through seeds. The seeds of E. brasiliensis are small and need to be sown in a well-draining soil mix. They should be placed on the surface and gently pressed in, and then watered lightly. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged, until the seeds sprout. Germination usually takes around 2-3 weeks.
Division
E. brasiliensis plants can also be propagated through division. This method involves separating a mature plant into two or more sections and replanting them in separate pots. To do this, carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently loosen the soil around its roots. Then, use a sharp, clean knife or gardening scissors to divide the plant into smaller sections. Each section should have its own set of roots. Replant each section in a separate container with fresh soil mix.
Cutting Propagation
Another method of propagating E. brasiliensis is through cuttings. This method involves taking a cutting from a mature plant and encouraging it to form roots. To do this, use a sharp, clean knife or gardening scissors to take a cutting that is about 4-6 inches long. Remove any leaves from the bottom third of the cutting and dip it in rooting hormone. Then, plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mix and keep it moist. Roots should start to form in 2-3 weeks.
Regardless of the propagation method used, it is important to remember that Euphorbia species are known for their milky-white sap which oozes out when plants are cut, pruned or damaged. This sap can cause skin and eye irritation and is considered toxic if ingested. So, proper precautions should be taken when handling these plants.
Disease Management
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is prone to a variety of fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, anthracnose, and rust. To manage these diseases, it is imperative to begin with healthy plants. Use clean soil and containers and only purchase healthy plants. Maintain good air circulation and avoid overhead watering. Remove and destroy any infected leaves or plant debris immediately. Fungicides may be necessary as a last resort, but be sure to follow the instructions carefully.
Pest Management
Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. is susceptible to attacks by insects such as spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. The best way to manage pests is through prevention. Keep the area around the plant clean, free from debris and weeds. Inspect plants regularly, particularly the undersides of leaves where pests like to hide. If pests are present, spray with an insecticidal soap or neem oil, being sure to cover all areas of the plant.
