Overview of Eulophia mechowii (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz
Eulophia mechowii (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz, commonly known as Mechow's Eulophia, is a terrestrial orchid species that belongs to the Eulophia genus and Orchidaceae family. The plant is native to the African continent, specifically found in Angola, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia. It was named in honour of the German botanist Max Mechow who first collected this species. Since its discovery, the plant has been used for various purposes, including medicinal, horticultural, and economic uses.
General appearance
Eulophia mechowii (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz is a medium to large-sized orchid, with pseudobulbs that are oblong to ovoid, measuring 2.5-4cm in length. The plant has numerous light green leaves that grow from the base of the pseudobulbs and measure 20-60cm in length. In the flowering period, the plant produces a spike that grows up to a height of 50-120cm, with multiple fragrant flowers arranged in an erect to slightly nodding manner. The flowers are yellowish-brown with maroon spots and measure 2-3cm across.
Common names
Eulophia mechowii (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz has several common names, depending on the region where it is found and the language spoken. Some of the popular common names include Mechow's Eulophia, Yellow-brown Eulophia, and Runyoro Eulophia.
Uses
The plant has been used for various purposes by the local people in the areas where it grows. In traditional medicine, the pseudobulbs have been used to treat various illnesses such as fever, coughs, and constipation. The leaves and pseudobulbs have also been used as a poultice and a dressing for boils, wounds, and cuts. The plant has been used to make a traditional beer called "munkoyo" in Zambia. Additionally, the plant has ornamental value and is cultivated for horticultural purposes. It is also a source of income for some local communities that collect and sell the plant for its various uses.
Light Requirements
Eulophia mechowii is a species of orchid that grows well in bright, indirect light. It prefers at least six hours of sunlight per day, but direct sunlight should be avoided. The plant can tolerate some shade, but too much shade will inhibit flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Eulophia mechowii is native to tropical and subtropical regions and prefers warm temperatures. The plant can tolerate temperatures ranging from 60-90°F (15-32°C) but grows best between 70-80°F (21-27°C). Cooler temperatures may slow down growth and inhibit flowering, while temperatures above 90°F (32°C) can damage the plant.
Soil Requirements
Eulophia mechowii grows well in a well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a variety of soil types, including sandy soils, loamy soils or clay soils. However, it is important that the soil does not become waterlogged as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. The orchid prefers a slightly acidic soil with a pH between 5.5-6.5.
Cultivation methods for Eulophia mechowii
Eulophia mechowii is an epiphytic orchid that grows at an altitude of 500m above sea level. The plant is primarily grown in hot and humid conditions. Therefore, when cultivating Eulophia mechowii, it is advisable to replicate these conditions for optimal growth and blooming.
The plant can be grown in pots, baskets, or mounted onto pieces of wood. If planted on wood, it is best to support the plant with sphagnum moss to retain moisture. It requires well-draining soil, preferably rich in organic matter.
Watering needs of Eulophia mechowii
Eulophia mechowii requires consistent moisture to thrive. The plant should be watered whenever the top layer of soil feels dry to the touch. When watering, ensure that the water drains freely from the pot or basket. Overwatering can lead to root rot and damage, so be careful not to saturate the soil or planting medium.
Fertilization requirements for Eulophia mechowii
Eulophia mechowii requires regular fertilization to maintain optimal growth and health. Fertilize the plant every two weeks with balanced orchid fertilizer that contains N-P-K ratios balanced at 20-20-20. Alternatively, you can use slow-release fertilizer pellets to reduce the frequency of feeding.
During the flowering and active growth season, consider adding additional nitrogen when fertilizing the plant. Nitrogen improves vegetative growth, producing strong leaves and stems. However, during the dormant season, reduce the amount of nitrogen to promote blooming.
Pruning Eulophia mechowii
Pruning is essential to keep the Eulophia mechowii in good health and to promote blooming. It is best to prune the plant after it finishes blooming or in the early spring, just before active growth restarts.
Dead and yellowing foliage should be removed to prevent the spread of diseases, and to allow for better light and airflow around the plant. Cut back any dead flower spikes to encourage future blooming. Additionally, pruning can help to promote branching, leading to a fuller and more robust plant.
Propagation of Eulophia mechowii
Eulophia mechowii can be propagated through two main methods: division and seed propagation.
Propagation by Division
Division is the easiest and most common method of propagating Eulophia mechowii. The best time to divide the plant is during the active season, which is usually after the flowering period. During this time, new growth appears at the base of the pseudobulb. To propagate the plant, carefully remove the plant from the pot taking care to leave the roots undisturbed. Divide the plant into smaller clumps that have at least 3-4 pseudobulbs in each clump. Replant the divisions into appropriate pots with a well-draining soil mix and keep well-watered. Within a few months, new growth should begin to emerge from the divisions.
Propagation by Seed Propagation
Propagation by seed is a more complex process that requires knowledge and experience. The seed propagation method starts by collecting ripe seedpods from mature plants. Once collected, the seed is carefully extracted from the pods and sown onto a clean, sterile substrate such as sphagnum moss or perlite. The substrate should be kept moist, warm, and humid. Within a month or so, tiny seedlings should start to emerge. Once the seedlings have established themselves and are large enough, they can be placed into individual pots with a well-draining soil mix. It may take several years for the plants to become mature enough to flower.
Disease Management
Eulophia mechowii is relatively resistant to diseases, but it is still susceptible to various fungal and bacterial infections such as leaf spot, root rot, and stem rot. The best way to prevent these diseases is to ensure that the plant is grown in well-drained soil and that leaves and other debris are removed regularly to avoid creating a damp, humid environment where pathogens can thrive. Additionally, avoid overwatering the plant, as this can also predispose it to root rot.
If the above practices fail and the plant is infected, fungicides and bactericides can be used to treat the affected areas. Treatment should be implemented immediately as soon a disease is detected to prevent it from spreading to other areas of the plant. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying pesticides.
Pest Management
Eulophia mechowii is also susceptible to pest infestations. Common pests that may affect the plant include spider mites, scale insects, and mealybugs. These pests tend to infest the leaves, stems, and roots of the plant, causing damage and stunted growth.
The best way to manage pest infestations is to regularly check the plant, particularly the undersides of the leaves, for any signs of infestation. If detected, the infected areas should be removed immediately, and the plant should be moved to a location where it can receive enough light and good air circulation. Predatory insects like ladybugs and lacewings can be introduced to the plant to control pests biologically.
Insecticides or pesticides can be applied to the plants infested with pests. Ensure to follow the recommended instructions to avoid harming the plant and the general environment.
