Overview of Eulophia macra Schltr.
Eulophia macra Schltr. is a terrestrial orchid that belongs to the family Orchidaceae. It is commonly referred to as "leopard orchid" or "tiger orchid." The plant is native to Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. It grows in a variety of habitats, including open forests, shrublands, grasslands, and disturbed areas.
Appearance of Eulophia macra Schltr.
Eulophia macra Schltr. is a robust orchid that can grow up to one meter in height. It has pseudobulbs that are thick and cylindrical, with several erect leaves that grow from its top. The leaves are lanceolate to oblong and can reach up to 50 cm in length. The inflorescence grows from the base of the pseudobulb and can reach up to 1 meter in height. It produces several flowers that are brownish-green with scattered black spots, giving it its common name "leopard orchid" or "tiger orchid."
Uses of Eulophia macra Schltr.
Eulophia macra Schltr. has been used for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine for many years. The root of the plant is believed to possess various medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer effects. It is also used to treat respiratory diseases, fever, and joint pain. In addition, the plant is used in the perfume industry for its aromatic properties. However, due to over-harvesting and habitat loss, Eulophia macra Schltr. is now considered a threatened species.
Cultivation of Eulophia macra Schltr.
Eulophia macra Schltr. is a challenging plant to grow due to its specific requirements. It prefers a well-draining soil mixture and needs ample water and humidity. The plant also requires bright but indirect light. In its natural habitat, it grows from sea level up to 2000 meters in elevation. However, due to habitat loss, it is now endangered, and its cultivation is strictly controlled. It is recommended to obtain plants from reputable sources and not from the wild.
Light Requirements
Eulophia macra Schltr. typically requires bright but indirect light. Direct sunlight exposure can damage the plant or lead to leaf scorching. Therefore, it is advisable to place the plant at a spot where it can get filtered sunlight. A semi-shaded area that allows the plant to receive several hours of sunlight each day can also be suitable for its growth.
Temperature Requirements
Eulophia macra Schltr. is a tropical plant that thrives best in warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. It cannot tolerate freezing or extremely low temperatures and must be grown indoors in such environments. During the winter, it is best to keep the plant in a warm place and protect it from cold drafts.
Soil Requirements
Eulophia macra Schltr. requires a well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have good water retention capacity but should not be waterlogged. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark is ideal for growing the plant. In addition, the soil pH must be slightly acidic, within the range of 5.5 to 6.5, for the plant to thrive. Frequent watering is necessary to maintain the soil's moisture content but without saturating the soil.
Cultivation Methods
Eulophia macra Schltr. is an orchid species that grows effectively in an environment with high humidity and moisture. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, primarily between 50°F to 85°F. However, it requires ample and bright indirect sunlight to thrive.
The ideal substrate for Eulophia macra is fine to medium-grade orchid bark, mixed with coconut husks and charcoal pieces. It requires good ventilation with 40%-60% humidity, which can be achieved by placing the plant pots on trays filled with a layer of gravel and water or using a humidifier.
Watering Needs
Eulophia macra Schltr. requires frequent watering to establish itself. Watering frequency depends on various factors such as pot size, substrate type, and environmental conditions. Generally, it requires water once every two to three days during the growing season. However, the frequency should be reduced during winter when the plant is in a dormant state.
It is advisable to use tepid water to prevent shocking the plant's roots. The substrate should be evenly moist but not waterlogged; otherwise, it can increase the risk of root rot.
Fertilization
Eulophia macra Schltr. has moderate feeding needs. During the growing season, it requires a balanced orchid fertilizer once a month. The application should be done early in the morning or late in the evening and should be diluted to half the recommended strength to prevent root burn.
It is advisable to avoid fertilizing during winter and when the plant is in a dormant stage.
Pruning
Pruning Eulophia macra Schltr. is a vital aspect of its care. Dead, yellow, or brown leaves and pseudobulbs should be carefully removed using disinfected cutting tools to prevent the spread of diseases.
Additionally, pruning encourages the plant's growth and bloom production by redirecting its energy towards healthy growth.
Propagation of Eulophia macra Schltr.
Eulophia macra Schltr., commonly known as the Cinnamon Eulophia, is a terrestrial orchid species native to Southeast Asia, including Malaysia and Thailand. The plant has large, showy flowers and is popular among orchid enthusiasts.
Propagation Methods
The propagation of Eulophia macra Schltr. can be done through two methods:
- Division: This is the most common method of propagating Eulophia macra Schltr. The division can be done when the plant has grown to a good size, and there are several mature pseudobulbs. The pseudobulbs can be separated carefully, ensuring that each division has a healthy root system. The divided pseudobulbs can then be planted in separate pots, ensuring they receive adequate sunlight and water.
- Seed propagation: Propagation through seeds is a bit more challenging since Eulophia macra Schltr. seeds require a symbiotic relationship with fungi to germinate. Once the seeds have been collected, they need to be treated with a suitable fungicide to kill any fungi that may be harmful to the young orchid. The seeds can be sown in a mix of sphagnum moss and perlite and kept in a warm, humid environment. The seedlings may take up to a year to emerge and require several years to develop into mature plants.
Propagation of Eulophia macra Schltr. can be a rewarding experience for orchid enthusiasts. The plant is relatively easy to propagate through division and can be an excellent addition to any orchid collection.
Disease and Pest Management for Eulophia Macra Schltr.
Eulophia macra Schltr. is generally a hardy and disease-resistant orchid species, but it may still be susceptible to certain diseases and pests. Here are some common problems and their management:
Diseases
1. Bacterial soft rot: This disease is caused by bacteria and can cause the plant to wilt, become mushy, and eventually collapse. To manage this disease, remove infected parts of the plant, improve air circulation, and avoid overwatering. Also, use a copper-based fungicide like Bordeaux mixture to prevent the spread of bacteria.
2. Fusarium wilt: Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease that causes yellowing, wilting, and necrosis of the leaves and stems. It can also cause root rot and plant death. To manage this disease, remove infected parts of the plant, improve air circulation, and apply a systemic fungicide such as carbendazim.
Pests
1. Thrips: Thrips are small insects that feed on plant sap and can damage the leaves and flowers of Eulophia macra Schltr. To manage this pest, remove infected plant parts, increase humidity, and apply an insecticide like imidacloprid.
2. Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that can suck the sap from the leaves and produce small white spots on the plant. To manage this pest, remove infected plant parts, increase humidity, and apply a miticide like abamectin.
Overall, regular monitoring of Eulophia macra Schltr. and maintaining good plant hygiene can help prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests.
