Overview
Eulophia dichroma Rolfe, also known as the Two-coloured Eulophia, is a species of orchid that belongs to the family Orchidaceae. It is native to eastern and southern Africa, including Madagascar and the Comoros Islands. This plant can be found in a range of habitats such as grasslands, savannas, and forests.Description
Eulophia dichroma Rolfe is a terrestrial orchid that can grow up to 80 cm tall. It has arrow-shaped leaves that are arranged in a basal rosette and can reach up to 30 cm in length. The inflorescence of this species can have up to 50 flowers and is densely packed with a range of colours from yellow-green to reddish-brown. The petals and sepals are relatively narrow and elongated, while the lip is broader and asymmetrical. The flowers have a sweet and pleasant fragrance that attracts pollinators such as bees and butterflies.Common names
In addition to the Two-coloured Eulophia, this plant is also commonly known as the Green-white Eulophia and the Large-flowered Eulophia.Uses
Eulophia dichroma Rolfe has been widely used in traditional medicine across Africa to treat a range of ailments such as diarrhea, dysentery, and skin infections. The plant contains a range of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and flavonoids that are believed to provide therapeutic benefits. Additionally, the tubers of this orchid are sometimes used as a substitute for Salep, a starchy powder that is used in Turkish desserts.Conclusion
Eulophia dichroma Rolfe is a fascinating and unique orchid species that is native to eastern and southern Africa. With its striking inflorescence and sweet fragrance, this plant has been widely used in traditional medicine and culinary practices across the continent.Light Requirements
Eulophia dichroma is a plant that thrives in a well-lit environment. It requires bright, indirect light for optimal growth. The plant should be exposed to sunlight for at least six hours per day. The plant should be kept in a shaded area during the hottest part of the day to prevent sunburn.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures between 21°C and 29°C. It can grow in temperatures as low as 15°C, but growth will slow down and the plant may become dormant. Temperatures below 10°C may cause damage to the plant. The plant should be protected from cold drafts and should not be placed near air conditioning units or heaters.
Soil Requirements
Eulophia dichroma prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It should be planted in soil that is slightly acidic with a pH of around 6.5. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged or compacted soil, which can cause root rot and other diseases. It is recommended to use a potting mix that contains perlite, vermiculite, and peat moss for the best results. The plant should be watered regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Cultivation Method for Eulophia Dichroma Rolfe
Eulophia Dichroma Rolfe is an orchid plant that thrives in tropical and subtropical regions. It grows best in areas with high humidity and moderate temperatures. To cultivate the plant, you will need a suitable space like a greenhouse or a shaded outdoor area.
The plants grow well in well-draining soil, which should ideally be a mix of coarse and fine materials. The coarse materials should enhance the soil's aeration, while the finer ones will retain moisture. Additionally, ensure the pH ranges between 6.0 and 7.0 for optimum growth.
Watering Needs
Eulophia Dichroma Rolfe plants prefer a consistent moisture supply, but they cannot tolerate standing water. Water the plants 1-2 times a week with warm water when the soil becomes dry, but avoid saturating the root systems. It is also essential to mist the leaves occasionally to maintain the high humidity levels that this plant requires to thrive.
Fertilization
Eulophia Dichroma Rolfe requires regular feeding to maintain the rich foliage that characterizes the orchid. Use well-balanced fertilizers with moderate amounts of nitrogen. You can apply the fertilizer once a month, preferably during the active growth stages. However, you should avoid overfertilization as it may cause the plant's root system to burn.
Pruning
Prune Eulophia Dichroma Rolfe orchids at the end of winter or early spring when the plant enters its dormant phase. Remove the dry, yellowed or diseased leaves and cut back the overgrown stems. Pruning helps to ensure that the plant remains healthy and vibrant throughout its growth cycle.
Propagation of Eulophia dichroma Rolfe
Eulophia dichroma Rolfe, also known as the Indian swamp orchid, is a terrestrial orchid that grows in the swampy areas of India. It can be propagated through several methods which include:
Seed propagation
This is the most common method of propagating Eulophia dichroma Rolfe. The seeds are collected from the matured seed pods from the parent plant. The collected seeds are then sown in a well-drained potting mix. It is advisable to add organic matter to the potting mix to improve fertility. After sowing, the seeds need to be kept in a shaded area where the temperature ranges between 20°C - 25°C. The seeds usually take around 4-6 weeks to germinate. Once the seedlings have developed two to three leaves, they can be transplanted to their desired location.
Division propagation
This is another method to propagate Eulophia dichroma Rolfe. The technique involves the separation of the parent plant into two or more sections with each section containing enough roots and shoots. The separated sections are then transplanted into individual pots or locations with proper drainage to prevent waterlogging.
Propagation through keikis
Propagation through keikis is another method to propagate Eulophia dichroma Rolfe. Keikis are small plantlets that arise from the nodes on the orchid stem. These plantlets can be encouraged to grow to a sufficient size before separating them from the parent plant. After separation, they can be transplanted into individual pots or desired locations.
Overall, E. dichroma Rolfe can be propagated through various methods such as seed propagation, division propagation, and propagation through keikis. All these methods require careful attention to ensure successful propagation of the plant.
Disease Management
Eulophia dichroma Rolfe typically does not suffer from any severe disease issues. However, some common plant diseases such as leaf spot, root rot, and fungal spots can afflict this plant. These diseases are caused by fungal pathogens and can be identified by dark spots and discolored areas on the leaves or stems of the plant.
To manage fungal diseases, it is best to keep the plant's foliage dry by avoiding overhead watering. You can also use a fungicidal spray to control the spread of the disease. If the symptoms persist, cut off the affected parts of the plant and dispose of them away from other plants to prevent spreading the disease.
Pest Management
Eulophia dichroma Rolfe does not typically suffer from pest problems. However, some common pests such as mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects can affect this plant. These pests feed on the plant's sap and can weaken the plant and cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and even death in severe cases.
To manage pest problems in Eulophia dichroma Rolfe, it is best to inspect your plant regularly for any signs of infestation. For minor infestations, you can use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove mealybugs and scale insects manually. Alternatively, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control pests naturally. For extreme infestations, you may need to use a systemic insecticide — a pesticide that is absorbed by the plant and makes it toxic to pests. However, it is best to exercise caution when using pesticides as they can damage beneficial insects and may have adverse effects on the environment.
