Origin
Eulophia complanata is a species of terrestrial orchid that is native to several countries in South and Southeast Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as the Indian swamp orchid, flat-stemmed eulophia, and pitinga.
Appearance
Eulophia complanata grows up to 60 centimeters in height and has large, flat, fleshy leaves that grow from a thick underground tuber. The plant produces a tall stalk that bears numerous small, fragrant flowers that range in color from white to yellowish-green. The flowers have a distinctive lip that is shaped like a boat.
Uses
The tubers of Eulophia complanata are used in traditional medicine in several of the countries in which it is native. In India, for example, the tubers are used to treat conditions such as diarrhea, fever, dysentery, and respiratory ailments. The tubers are also believed to have aphrodisiac properties and are used to increase libido. In Sri Lanka, the plant is used to treat snake bites and scorpion stings.
The plant is also used for ornamental purposes, as its attractive flowers make it a popular choice for gardens and landscaping.
Light Requirements
Eulophia complanata requires moderate sunlight for its proper growth. It can tolerate partial shade, but direct sunlight for an extended period can damage the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for the growth of Eulophia complanata ranges from 20 to 30 °C. The plant can tolerate a minimum temperature of 15 °C and a maximum of 35 °C. Higher or lower temperatures can adversely affect the plant’s growth and development.
Soil Conditions
Eulophia complanata grows well in a well-draining soil with rich organic matter. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, with a range of 5.5 to 7.5. The plant can also tolerate mildly alkaline soil. It generally grows in rocky areas, laterite soil, and humid swamps with a pH of 6.0-7.5.
Water Requirements
Eulophia complanata prefers a moist growing environment, but excessive watering can result in root rot and stunted growth. It is best to water the plant when the topsoil feels dry to the touch. Regular watering during the growing season can promote the growth and flowering of the plant.
Fertilizer Requirements
The plant responds well to organic fertilizers. It is essential to fertilize the plant during the growing season to ensure a healthy growth rate. A balanced fertilizer with a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 ratio can be used for Eulophia complanata. A diluted fertilizer can be applied to the soil once a month during the growing season.
Cultivation of Eulophia Complanata
Eulophia Complanata is an orchid that is native to South and Southeast Asia, as well as parts of Australia. It is relatively easy to grow and can do well in a range of environments, making it a popular choice among gardeners.
When starting to cultivate Eulophia Complanata, it is important to choose a location with plenty of sunlight. These plants thrive in zones with bright, indirect light. They can also do well in dappled sun or partial shade. A well-draining soil mix that is rich in organic matter is recommended.
Watering Needs of Eulophia Complanata
When it comes to watering Eulophia Complanata, it is important to keep in mind that these plants are susceptible to root rot. Therefore, it is important to water them sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between watering sessions. These plants do not fare well in waterlogged soil, so be sure to avoid overwatering them.
Fertilizing Eulophia Complanata
Eulophia Complanata benefits from regular fertilization to maintain optimal health. It is recommended to feed these plants with a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer at least once per month. During the growing season, a high-phosphorus fertilizer can be used every two weeks to promote blooming.
Pruning Eulophia Complanata
When it comes to pruning Eulophia Complanata, it is important to remove dead or damaged leaves as soon as possible since they can attract pests and disease. However, it is generally not necessary to prune this plant since it does not produce a lot of growth. If any offsets appear, they can be carefully separated from the parent plant and potted up individually.
Propagation of Eulophia Complanata
Eulophia complanata is a terrestrial orchid that is widely distributed in India, Southeast Asia, and China. The species is commonly propagated vegetatively, but propagation by seed is also possible. Here are some of the methods used to propagate Eulophia complanata.
Division
Division is the most common method of vegetative propagation in Eulophia complanata. The process involves taking the parent plant and dividing it into smaller sections that each contain a section of the root system. This method is best done immediately after flowering, in the early summer when new growth just starts to appear. The divided sections should have at least 2 or 3 bulbs and should be potted in suitable growing media.
Offshoots
Eulophia complanata also produces offshoots that can be used for propagation. These offshoots, also known as keikis, grow from the rhizome of the parent plant. Once the offshoot has developed roots, it can be separated from the parent plant and replanted in its own container. Keikis usually appear during the growing season and can be removed from the parent plant after they have developed their own root system.
Seeds
Eulophia complanata can be propagated by seed, but this method is not commonly used due to the difficulty of germinating the seeds. The seeds are small, dust-like and require special conditions to germinate. Sowing the seeds in a mixture of fine sand and moss or coconut peat is recommended. The seeds take about 6 to 12 months to germinate. The seedlings should then be transplanted carefully into their growing containers.
Propagation of Eulophia complanata can be rewarding and simple when done correctly. Growers should always use clean tools and equipment and ensure that the new plants are cared for properly to guarantee successful growth and development.
Disease management
Eulophia complanata I.Verd. can be susceptible to several diseases, including:
- Fungal leaf spot: This disease appears as small, dark spots on the leaves and can eventually cause them to yellow and drop. To manage it, remove affected leaves and improve air circulation around the plant.
- Root rot: Overwatering can lead to root rot, which causes the roots to become mushy and discolored. To prevent it, ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering.
- Viral infections: Viruses can cause yellowing, stunted growth, and distorted leaves. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for viral infections. Remove infected plants and avoid planting in contaminated soil.
Pest management
Eulophia complanata I.Verd. can also be vulnerable to pests, such as:
- Scale insects: These tiny insects attach themselves to the leaves and stems and suck the sap out of the plant. To manage them, remove the insects with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.
- Spider mites: These pests can cause yellow or bronze spots on the leaves and create fine webbing on the plant. To manage them, use a strong spray of water to rinse the plant or use a miticide.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can chew holes in leaves and damage the plant. Handpicking is an effective way to manage them, or use a pesticide specifically designed for caterpillars.
