Origin
Erythroxylum capense (Bolus) Stapf, also known as the Bushman's tea or Kaffir tea, is a plant native to South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. It belongs to the Erythroxylaceae family and grows in mountainous regions, up to 2,000 meters above sea level.
Common names
Besides the Bushman's tea and Kaffir tea, Erythroxylum capense has other common names such as Cape coca, wild coca, mountain coca, red coca, and redbush.
Uses
Erythroxylum capense has been traditionally used for medicinal and cultural purposes by the indigenous people of southern Africa. They infuse the leaves in hot water and drink the resulting beverage as a stimulant, antidepressant, appetite suppressor, and pain reliever. It is also employed to alleviate toothaches, stomach problems, and fatigue.
Moreover, Erythroxylum capense has psychotropic effects due to the presence of alkaloids similar to those in the coca plant (Erythroxylum coca), though in a lower concentration. The effects are milder than those of cocaine, and the plant is not addictive. Because of this, some people use it recreationally as an alternative to coffee or tea.
General appearance
Erythroxylum capense is a shrub or small tree that can reach up to five meters in height. It has a dark and rough bark, oval-shaped leaves with pointed tips, and small white or yellow flowers. The fruit is a red berry containing a single seed. The leaves have a distinct odor that is reminiscent of anise or licorice.
Light Requirements
Erythroxylum capense is a tropical plant that requires partial shade to full sun for optimal growth. In its natural habitat, it grows under the canopy of trees or in open sunny areas. Therefore, it can adapt to a wide range of light conditions, but it still thrives best under bright but indirect sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Erythroxylum capense is between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. It can, however, tolerate temperatures as low as 10 degrees Celsius and as high as 40 degrees Celsius, but outside this range, the plant growth is significantly affected. In areas with very low temperatures, the plant will not survive without protection from frosts and cold winds.
Soil Requirements
Erythroxylum capense grows well in well-drained sandy loam soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and should have good water retention capabilities, but it should also allow for adequate drainage. The plant can tolerate soils with low fertility levels but will benefit from the addition of organic matter. It is best to avoid soils that are heavy or clayey, as they can cause poor aeration and drainage issues.
Cultivation Methods
Erythroxylum capense is a hardy plant that can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. It grows best in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH range between 5.5 to 6.5. The plant does well in partial to full sun with temperatures ranging between 70°F to 85°F. The ideal planting time is during the spring season.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is crucial for the successful growth of Erythroxylum capense. The plant requires a moderate amount of water, and it’s best to water deeply once a week. Ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. During the winter, when the plant is dormant, reduce watering to avoid root rot.
Fertilization
Applying fertilizer is beneficial to the growth of Erythroxylum capense. The ideal time to fertilize is during the spring season before the plant enters its growing phase. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Avoid over-fertilizing as it can lead to excessive growth and poor plant health.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to maintain the shape and health of Erythroxylum capense. The best time to prune is in the late winter or early spring before the plant reaches its growth phase. Pruning encourages the plant to develop more branches, which results in a bushier appearance. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches to promote healthy growth. The plant's shape and size can be controlled with regular pruning.
Propagation of Erythroxylum Capense
Erythroxylum capense, commonly known as the Cape coca tree or the bushmans tea, is a plant that originates from Southern Africa. The plant is known for its medicinal and stimulant properties. Propagation of this plant can be done using various methods including:
Seed Propagation
One of the common methods of propagating the Erythroxylum capense plant is through seeds. The seeds are collected from a mature and healthy plant. Ensure that the seeds are cleaned and dried before planting them in the soil. The seeds should be planted in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and warm, and the seeds should germinate within 2-3 weeks.
Cuttings Propagation
An alternative method of propagating Erythroxylum capense is by using stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from a healthy and mature plant during the growing season. Take a 6-inch long cutting and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. The cutting should be kept moist and warm. Roots should appear within a couple of weeks.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is a propagation method where a section of the plant stem's bark is removed, and a rooting hormone is applied to the exposed area. The bare section is covered with moist soil, and eventually, roots will form. Once the roots have developed, the new plant can be removed and potted up to grow, which can be used to propagate Erythroxylum capense.
Conclusion
Propagation of Erythroxylum capense can be done through various methods including seed propagation, cuttings propagation, and air layering propagation. Choose the method that works best for you and the plant's specific requirements.
Disease and Pest Management for Erythroxylum capense (Bolus) Stapf
Erythroxylum capense (Bolus) Stapf is a small tree or shrub that is relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, certain pests and diseases can cause damage to the plant if not properly managed. Here are some common pests and diseases that may affect the Erythroxylum capense and how to manage them:
Pests
1. Red spider mite: These pests appear as tiny red or black dots on the underside of the leaves and spin webs. They feed on the sap, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. To manage this pest, use a miticide and spray the leaves with water to reduce the humidity.
2. Mealybugs: These pests appear as white or gray, cottony masses on the leaves, stems, and trunk. Mealybugs suck sap, causing stunted growth and leaf yellowing. To manage this pest, wipe the plant with a cloth soaked in alcohol or insecticidal soap.
3. Scale insects: These pests appear as small, immobile bumps on the leaves and stem. They feed on the sap, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. To manage scale insects, use an insecticide that contains neem oil or apply rubbing alcohol to the affected parts of the plant.
Diseases
1. Leaf spot: This disease appears as small, circular spots on the leaves. As the disease progresses, the spots enlarge and merge, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. To manage this disease, prune the affected leaves and avoid overhead watering.
2. Powdery mildew: This disease appears as a white, powdery growth on the leaves and stem. It causes stunted growth, leaf yellowing, and premature leaf drop. To manage powdery mildew, improve air circulation around the plant and apply a fungicide.
3. Root rot: This disease causes the roots to decay, leading to wilting and leaf yellowing. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering and improve soil drainage.
Regular monitoring of the Erythroxylum capense plant for pests and diseases, and taking prompt action to manage them, can help to maintain the health and beauty of the plant.
