Overview:
Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. is a deciduous tree that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is also commonly known as the shade erythrina, ghost erythrina, or redflower coraltree. This tree is native to the Philippines and can be found throughout the archipelago, including in the Visayas and Mindanao regions.
Appearance:
The Erythrina subumbrans grows up to 10 meters tall and has a maximum diameter of about 30 centimeters. The bark of the tree is smooth and grey, with some lenticels present. The tree produces large, showy, and bright red flowers that are around 5 centimeters long and occur in flat-topped clusters. The flowers are followed by flat pods that are brown in color and around 12 to 15 centimeters long.
Uses:
The Erythrina subumbrans is used for various purposes due to its medicinal and ornamental values. The tree's bark and leaves contain various bioactive compounds that are useful in the treatment of various illnesses, including coughs, colds, and fever. Additionally, parts of the tree are used to treat muscle and joint pains, as well as inflammation. The tree's beautiful flowers make it a popular ornamental plant in gardens, parks, and along roadsides. In some communities, the tree's wood is used for fuel and timber.
Light Requirements
Erythrina subumbrans requires plenty of sunlight to grow well. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. It can also cope with partial shade conditions, but prolonged periods without sufficient sunlight can lead to stunted growth and reduced flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Erythrina subumbrans grows best in warm and humid conditions, with temperatures ranging between 20 to 35°C. It is hardy to USDA hardiness zones 10 and 11. Low temperatures can cause damage to the plant, and frost can be fatal. It is essential to protect it from cold winds or frost during winter months.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soils rich in organic matter. It thrives in loamy soils and can grow in sandy soils with sufficient nutrients. The soil should be moderately acidic, with a pH ranging between 6.0 to 7.0, for optimal growth. The roots of Erythrina subumbrans cannot tolerate waterlogging, and poorly drained soils can cause root rot and other diseases.
Cultivation Methods
Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr., commonly known as the Red Flowered Kaffirboom, is a tropical tree that grows relatively quickly. The plant prefers warm temperatures and direct sunlight to thrive. It grows best in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It is recommended to plant the tree in an area protected from strong winds.
Watering Needs
Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. requires moderate watering to enhance optimal growth. The plant prefers to be kept moist throughout the growing season. Overwatering should be avoided as it can cause root rot. The soil should be allowed to dry out slightly before watering again.
Fertilization
The Red Flowered Kaffirboom requires regular fertilization for optimal growth and flower development. A balanced fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be applied during the growing season. It is recommended to use an organic fertilizer that is slow-releasing.
Pruning
Pruning Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. should be carried out during the dormant season. Pruning should involve the removal of weak and diseased branches, and shaping the tree to a desired form. Heavy pruning is not recommended as it can affect future flowering. The plant may also benefit from a light pruning after flowering to encourage bushier growth.
Propagation of Erythrina subumbrans
Erythrina subumbrans can be propagated through seeds, stem cuttings, and root cuttings. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method depends on the specific situation and the goal of propagation.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation by seeds is the most common method for Erythrina subumbrans. Seeds should be collected from mature pods from healthy and vigorus plants, and then soaked in water for 24-48 hours to soften the hard seed coats. The seeds can be planted in well-drained soil mixed with organic matter, and kept moist throughout the germination process. Germination can take 1-2 weeks, and the seedlings should be kept in partially shaded areas.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Erythrina subumbrans can also be propagated by stem cuttings, which involves cutting a stem section and planting it in a rooting medium. The cuttings should be taken from healthy and vigorus parent plants, and should be approximately 15-20 cm long. The lower leaves should be removed, and the base of the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone powder before planting in a well-drained soil mix. The cuttings should be kept partially shaded and moist throughout the rooting process, which can take 3-6 weeks.
Propagation by Root Cuttings
Propagation by root cuttings is another possible method for Erythrina subumbrans. Root cuttings involve taking a section of the root, planting it in a rooting medium, and waiting for new shoots to emerge. This method is less common and somewhat more difficult than the other methods, and is used primarily for plant species that do not readily root from stem cuttings. The root cuttings should be taken from healthy and vigorus plants, and should be approximately 8-10 cm long. The cuttings should be planted in a well-drained soil mix, kept moist, and partially shaded. Roots and/or shoots should emerge within 4-6 weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Erythrina subumbrans
Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. is a tree species that is highly valued for its beautiful ornamental flowers, soil improvement, and medicinal properties. Like other plants, it is vulnerable to attack by various diseases and pests that can affect its growth, yield, and overall health. Therefore, it is crucial to implement effective management strategies to prevent or minimize the impact of these threats.
Common Diseases
Erythrina subumbrans can be affected by several diseases that can cause visible damage to leaves, stems, and flowers. The most common diseases that affect this plant include:
- Leaf spots: This disease is caused by fungal pathogens that infect the leaves, causing yellow or brown spots. To control leaf spots, remove infected leaves and apply fungicides.
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes dark-colored lesions on leaves and stems. It can be controlled by removing and destroying infected plant parts and applying fungicides.
- Rust: This disease causes yellow or orange spots on leaves, usually on the undersides. Rust can be controlled by removing and destroying infected leaves and applying fungicides.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by fungi that infect the roots, causing them to rot. To control root rot, maintain good drainage, avoid overwatering, and apply fungicides.
Common Pests
Erythrina subumbrans can also be attacked by various pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. The most common pests that affect this plant include:
- Spider mites: These small arachnids suck sap from the leaves, causing them to yellow and wither. Spider mites can be controlled by spraying the plant with water or insecticidal soap.
- Whiteflies: These insects feed on the undersides of leaves, causing yellowing, stunted growth, and premature leaf drop. To control whiteflies, use yellow sticky traps or spray the plant with insecticidal soap.
- Scale insects: These insects attach to the leaves and stems, sucking sap and causing yellowing and stunting. Scale insects can be controlled by removing them manually or spraying the plant with horticultural oil.
- Mealybugs: These insects resemble cottony masses on the leaves, stems, and buds, causing stunting and deformities. Mealybugs can be controlled by removing them manually or spraying the plant with insecticidal soap.
Implementing effective disease and pest management strategies is essential to ensure the health and vitality of Erythrina subumbrans. Some preventive measures to consider include proper watering, fertilization, pruning, and sanitation. Also, consult with an experienced horticulturist to develop a customized management plan for your specific location and conditions.
