Origin
Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz, commonly known as thick-podded rocket or Ethiopian rocket, is a plant species in the family Brassicaceae. It is native to Ethiopia and is found in the highlands of the country.
Common Names
Thick-podded rocket or Ethiopian rocket are the most commonly used common names for Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz. In Ethiopia, it is also known as "Gomenzer," which means wild cabbage.
Uses
Both the leaves and seeds of Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz are edible and used for culinary purposes in Ethiopia. The leaves are often consumed raw in salads or cooked like spinach. The seeds are used to make a condiment called "shiro," which is a staple in Ethiopian cuisine. The plant also has medicinal uses, as it is used to treat digestive disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery and to reduce inflammation.
General Appearance
Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz is an annual herb that grows up to 50 cm tall. It has an erect stem and dark green leaves that are deeply lobed. The flowers are small and white and form in clusters at the top of the stem. The plant produces elongated seed pods that are thick and fleshy, hence the name "thick-podded rocket." The plant prefers well-drained soils and is drought-tolerant.
Light Requirements
Erucastrum abyssinicum var. pachypodum requires ample sunlight to grow. It prefers full sun or partial shade with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight a day. It can survive in shaded areas, but it may not produce as many flowers.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 60 to 85°F (15 to 30°C). It cannot tolerate extreme temperatures, so it's best to avoid planting it in areas where temperatures frequently drop below 50°F (10°C).
Soil Requirements
Erucastrum abyssinicum var. pachypodum prefers well-draining soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It can grow in various soil types, including sandy, loamy, or rocky soils. However, it does not tolerate waterlogged soils, which can suffocate the roots and cause root rot.
It's best to amend the soil with organic matter before planting to improve soil structure and nutrient availability. This helps to retain moisture and promote healthy root growth.
Cultivation Methods
Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz can be grown from seeds, and it is important to sow them directly in their permanent positions as it has a sensitive taproot. It prefers well-drained soil with some shade, especially in hot climates. This plant can tolerate a wide range of soils, including poor soils.Watering Needs
This plant has moderate water needs and should be watered when the topsoil becomes dry. Overwatering can cause root rot, so it is essential to ensure that the soil is well-draining. Regular watering during the growing season will ensure healthy foliage and flowers.Fertilization
Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz requires light fertilization. It is advisable to use a well-balanced slow-release fertilizer, which will help provide the essential nutrients needed for healthy growth. An organic fertilizer such as manure or compost can also be used.Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for this plant, but deadheading spent flower heads can prolong the flowering period. It is also advisable to remove any yellowing or dead leaves regularly.Propagation of Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz
Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz is a hardy perennial plant that can be propagated easily through its seeds.
Seed Propagation
The best time to collect seeds from Erucastrum abyssinicum var. pachypodum is in the late summer or early fall when the pods have turned brown and the seeds have turned black. The pods should be harvested before they burst open, and the seeds should be removed and dried in a cool, dry place.
The seeds of Erucastrum abyssinicum var. pachypodum can be sown directly into a well-draining soil mix or seed-starting medium. The seeds should be planted at a depth of 1/8 to 1/4 inch, and the soil should be kept moist until the seeds germinate. Germination typically occurs within 7 to 14 days.
Once the seedlings have developed their first true leaves, they can be transplanted into larger containers or directly into the garden. When transplanting, care should be taken not to disturb the roots too much, as this can cause the plant to go into shock.
Division Propagation
Erucastrum abyssinicum var. pachypodum can also be propagated through division. This should be done in the spring or fall when the plant is dormant.
To divide the plant, carefully dig up the clump and gently shake off any excess soil. Identify the natural divisions within the clump and separate them using a clean, sharp knife or garden shears. Each division should have several healthy stems and a good root system.
The new divisions can then be replanted in their own containers or directly into the garden. When replanting, be sure to mix in ample amounts of compost or other organic matter to help the plant establish new roots quickly.
Disease and Pest Management for Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz
Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz is a relatively hardy plant that can resist many diseases and pests. However, some common problems have been observed in the past and can be managed using various techniques.
Common Diseases
One common disease that affects Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz is downy mildew. Downy mildew is usually characterized by yellow or brown patches on the leaves of the plant, as well as a powdery substance on the underside of the leaves. It can be managed by removing infected plants and improving air circulation around the plants.
Another disease that can affect Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz is powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that can cause the leaves of infected plants to turn yellow, then brown and eventually fall off. It can be managed by applying a fungicide approved for use on vegetables.
Common Pests
One common pest that can affect Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz is aphids. Aphids are tiny insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of plants, causing them to wilt and eventually die. They can be managed by applying insecticides approved for use on vegetables.
Another pest that can affect Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz is flea beetles. Flea beetles are small, black insects that chew small holes in the leaves of plants, causing them to appear lacy or shredded. They can be managed by applying insecticides approved for use on vegetables.
In conclusion, Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) O.E.Schulz var. pachypodum (Chiov.) O.E.Schulz is a relatively hardy plant, but it can still be affected by common diseases and pests. It is important to monitor the plant regularly and take appropriate measures to manage any problems that may arise to ensure maximum yield and quality of the plant.
