Origin and Common Names
Eriophyllum multicaule (DC.) Gray, commonly known as the cushion Eriophyllum or cushion daisy, is a perennial plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae, native to North America. The plant grows in rocky, gravelly, or sandy soils on hillsides, slopes, and valleys primarily in the western United States, from California, Nevada, to Arizona, and further northward to Oregon and Washington.
General Appearance
The cushion Eriophyllum grows low to the ground and forms a dense mat or cushion-like structure, which earned its common name. The plant typically grows up to 2-3 inches tall and can spread up to 12 inches. The cushion daisy has a woody base, and its leaves are tiny, linear to oblong, and covered with silvery-white felt. The leaves grow only about 1/8 inch long and are very small, making the plant almost unrecognizable in its natural habitat. The plant produces yellow daisy-like flowers measuring up to 1 inch in diameter, with a central disk that turns brown as the flower ages.
Uses
The cushion Eriophyllum has been used by indigenous communities for various purposes. For instance, the Navajo tribe would make an infusion of the plant to treat diarrhea, stomach aches, and coughs. The Shasta tribe used the plant to induce sweating and treat colds and fever. Today, the plant is primarily used for landscaping due to its low-growing and drought-tolerant nature. The plant is suitable for rock gardens, drought-tolerant gardens, and as a groundcover in wildflower meadows. The yellow flowers also attract butterflies and other pollinators to the garden.
Light requirements
Eriophyllum multicaule is a plant that requires full sun exposure for its optimum growth and development. It cannot tolerate shady conditions and grows best in open areas receiving direct sunlight. The plant is adapted to bright and sunny areas and can thrive under hot and dry conditions.
Soil requirements
The plant grows well in well-draining soils with neutral to slightly alkaline pH levels. The ideal soil for Eriophyllum multicaule is sandy or gravelly loam with good drainage. The plant cannot tolerate waterlogged or compacted soils and may die if exposed to such conditions for a long time.
Temperature requirements
Eriophyllum multicaule grows well under a wide range of temperatures, from hot summers to cold winters. The plant is native to California, where summers are hot and dry, and winters are cool and wet. The plant can tolerate extreme temperatures and drought conditions since it is adapted to the Mediterranean climate.
Cultivation
Eriophyllum multicaule, commonly known as the Many-Stemmed Golden Aster, is a drought-tolerant plant that prefers well-drained soil and full sun exposure. This plant species can tolerate various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and even clay soils.
The plant's ideal pH range is between 5.5 to 8.5. A well-drained, slightly acidic sandy soil blend mixed with peat moss is a great option for planting.
Eriophyllum multicaule is suitable for both container and outdoor planting. The plant grows to around 18 to 24 inches in height, making it ideal for border planting or mass planting. The planting distance between two plants should be around 1.5 to 2 feet.
Watering Needs
Once established, Eriophyllum multicaule requires minimal watering. Water the plant after 2 to 3 weeks interval, and adjust the watering frequency depending on the weather conditions and soil type. Make sure to avoid overwatering as it may lead to root rot and other diseases.
Fertilization
Eriophyllum multicaule does not require much fertilization. Only a mild, low-nitrogen fertilizer application during the growing season is sufficient for plant growth and development. Fertilize the plant once or twice a year in early spring or late fall.
Pruning
Eriophyllum multicaule requires minimal pruning. You may shear or trim the plant in late winter or early spring to encourage new growth and improve the plant's shape. However, make sure not to cut the plant too far back, as it may harm the plant's health.
Deadheading is also recommended for a neat appearance and encourages the plant to produce more blooms. Remove the older, faded flower heads regularly, which will promote the growth of new buds and prolong the plant's blooming period.
Propagation of Eriophyllum multicaule (DC.) Gray
Eriophyllum multicaule (DC.) Gray, commonly known as the cushion goldenweed, is a beautiful flowering plant native to California. It can be propagated both through sexual and asexual methods.
Sexual Propagation
The sexual propagation of Eriophyllum multicaule (DC.) Gray involves the collection and sowing of seeds. The best time to collect the seeds is during the fall when the mature seed heads are dry and brown. The seeds should be stored in a cool, dry, and dark place until ready to sow. For germination, the seeds should be sown on the surface of a well-draining potting mix and lightly covered with soil. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a warm and bright place with temperatures between 60-70 F. Germination can take up to three weeks, and seedlings should be transplanted once they have developed their first set of true leaves.
Asexual Propagation
Asexual propagation involves the use of vegetative parts of the plant to produce new offspring. Eriophyllum multicaule (DC.) Gray can be propagated through root division, stem cuttings, and layering.
Root Division: The plant can be divided during the spring or fall by gently digging up the plant and separating the roots into smaller sections. These sections can then be replanted in a new location, and care should be taken to keep the soil moist until the new plants become established.
Stem Cuttings: Stem cuttings can be taken during the spring and summer. Cuttings should be taken from new growth and should be around 4-6 inches long. Remove the lower leaves and dip the end of the cutting in rooting hormone before planting in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a warm and bright location with temperatures between 60-70 F.
Layering: Layering is a process where a stem is pinned to the ground and covered with soil to encourage rooting. Once the roots have developed, the stem can be cut away from the parent plant and replanted in a new location. This method can be done during the spring and summer.
Disease and Pest Management for Eriophyllum multicaule (DC.) Gray
Eriophyllum multicaule (DC.) Gray is a native California plant species known for its yellow flowers and drought tolerance. While it is generally a hardy plant, it can be prone to certain diseases and pests. Understanding the potential issues and how to manage them can help to ensure a healthy, thriving plant.
Common Diseases
Eriophyllum multicaule can be susceptible to several fungal diseases, including root rot and powdery mildew. Root rot typically occurs in soil that is poorly drained or too wet, leading to root damage and eventual plant death. Powdery mildew presents as a white or gray powder-like substance on the leaves and stems, often caused by high humidity or poor air circulation.
To manage root rot, it is important to ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering the plant. When planting, select a well-draining soil and consider adding organic matter to improve the soil structure. If root rot is already present, remove any damaged roots and allow the soil to dry out before watering again.
To manage powdery mildew, improve air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering. Consider pruning back the plant to reduce overcrowding and remove any infected foliage promptly to prevent the disease from spreading.
Common Pests
Eriophyllum multicaule is relatively resistant to pests, but there are a few that may pose a problem. Aphids are a common pest that can infest and damage the plant by sucking sap from the leaves and stems. Spider mites can also be a problem. These tiny pests weave webs on the plant and feed on the leaves, causing yellowing and browning.
To manage aphids, consider introducing natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings. Alternatively, use a gentle soap and water solution to wash off the aphids. For spider mites, remove any infected foliage and avoid overcrowding the plant. If the infestation is severe, consider using an insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
Regular monitoring of the plant for signs of disease and pests can help to catch any issues early and prevent further damage. Taking preventative measures, such as selecting a well-draining soil and improving air circulation, can also help to keep the plant healthy.
