Overview:
Eribroma oblongum (Mast.) Pierre ex A.Chev. is a small shrub-like tree belonging to the family Malvaceae. It is commonly known by the names, "Ongongo" (Angola), "Vatsonarazara", "Vatsondrano" or "Kizangala" (Madagascar) and "Gawo" (Nigeria). The plant is native to Madagascar and widely distributed in tropical Africa.
Appearance:
Eribroma oblongum grows up to 2-4m tall with a single or multiple stems forming a spreading crown. The bark is smooth and light-brown in color. The leaves are simple, alternate, and ovate-oblong, measuring 6-10cm long and 4-6cm wide. The flowers are bright yellow to orange-red in color, solitary or in pairs, with a funnel-shaped corolla and a diameter of 2-4cm. The fruit is a woody capsule, oblong, measuring 6-7cm long and 3-4cm wide. The capsule contains several seeds.
Uses:
Eribroma oblongum has a wide range of traditional medicinal uses. In Angola, the plant is used to treat malaria, anemia, and diarrhea. In Madagascar, it is used to relieve coughs and colds, as a diuretic and to treat toothaches. In Nigeria, the roots are used to treat fever, stomach pains, and inflammatory conditions. The bark and leaves are also used for making ropes and baskets, and the wood is used for fuel.
Furthermore, Eribroma oblongum is an important floral resource for pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and birds. It also plays a vital ecological role in improving soil fertility and preventing soil erosion.
Light Requirements
Eribroma oblongum requires bright light exposure to grow optimally. It is essential to provide this plant with a sufficient amount of light for at least 6 hours a day. An east or west-facing window is the ideal spot for this plant to ensure that it receives the required amount of light without being exposed to direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Eribroma oblongum thrives well in temperatures ranging from 18-26°C. It is crucial to protect this plant from cold drafts, as it can affect its growth and development. Avoid placing it near open windows, air conditioners or vents that can cause a rapid temperature drop.
Soil Requirements
Eribroma oblongum prefers nutrient-rich soil to grow optimally. A well-draining, light, and fluffy soil mixture is ideal for this plant. Adding peat moss, perlite, or sand to the soil can make it lighter and more porous, allowing water to drain through quickly. Also, maintain the soil's pH level ranging from 5.5-7.0 for excellent growth.
Cultivation of Eribroma oblongum
Eribroma oblongum is a tropical plant that grows well in warm and humid environments. It requires well-drained soil that is rich in nutrients and has a slightly acidic pH level. The plant can be propagated from seeds or stem cuttings. It is recommended to plant the seeds or cuttings in a partially shaded area, as direct sunlight can scorch the young plants.
Watering needs of Eribroma oblongum
Eribroma oblongum requires consistent moisture to thrive. It is important to ensure that the soil is always evenly moist, but not waterlogged. Water the plant regularly, but avoid overwatering as it can cause root rot and damage to the plant. During the drier months, it may be necessary to increase the watering frequency.
Fertilization of Eribroma oblongum
Eribroma oblongum requires regular fertilization to support its growth and development. It is recommended to use a balanced fertilizer that contains equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilize the plant every two to three weeks during the growing season, and reduce the frequency during the dormant months. Be careful not to over-fertilize as it can damage the plant.
Pruning of Eribroma oblongum
Eribroma oblongum benefits from pruning to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. Prune the plant regularly to remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. It is also recommended to remove any suckers that may develop from the base of the plant. Pruning should be done during the dormant months to avoid stressing the plant during the active growing season.
Propagation Methods for Eribroma Oblongum
Eribroma oblongum is an interesting plant native to Madagascar. It belongs to the family Melastomataceae and is mostly grown for its ornamental value. However, propagating this plant can be challenging, and it requires proper attention and care.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation of E. oblongum can be done using seeds, but it requires patience and careful selection of the planting materials. When collecting the seeds, one must ensure that they are ripe and viable, as this will guarantee successful germination.
The seeds can then be sown in a propagation tray filled with well-drained soil mixed with organic matter. A thin layer of soil should be placed on top to cover the seeds, after which they should be misted with water. The tray should then be placed in a warm and humid environment to encourage rapid growth. Germination can take between three to six weeks, and after sprouting, the seedlings should be transplanted into individual pots.
Propagation by Cuttings
E. oblongum can also be propagated through stem cuttings. This method involves taking a cutting from the parent plant and rooting it in soil or a rooting hormone. The cuttings should be taken from healthy and mature plants, and they should be about five inches long with several nodes.
The bottom of the cutting should be dipped in a rooting hormone, and then it should be inserted into well-draining soil, which is mixed with some sand. The soil should be kept moist but not wet to encourage the growth of new roots. It is essential to provide the cutting with a warm and humid environment for it to thrive. After a few weeks, new roots should emerge, and the cutting can then be transplanted into individual pots.
Conclusion
Propagation of Eribroma oblongum can be a daunting task, but the success of the process depends on using healthy planting materials and providing the right growing environment. Whether through seeds or cuttings, the key to successful propagation is patience and attention to detail. By following the above steps, one can propagate this plant and enjoy its ornamental value.
Disease and Pest Management for Eribroma Oblongum
Eribroma oblongum is a tropical plant that is known for its medicinal properties. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can significantly impact its growth and survival. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Eribroma oblongum and ways to manage them.
Diseases
1. Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a common fungal disease that affects Eribroma oblongum. It manifests as yellow or brown spots on the leaves, which can merge and cause the leaves to turn brown and fall off. To manage this disease, remove the affected leaves and destroy them to prevent the spread of the fungus. Additionally, avoid overhead watering and ensure the plant has adequate ventilation to prevent the build-up of humidity, which can create a favorable environment for the fungus.
2. Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of Eribroma oblongum. It is caused by overwatering or poor drainage, which creates a wet environment that promotes fungal growth. Symptoms of root rot include wilted leaves, yellowing, and stunted growth. To manage this disease, improve drainage by ensuring the plant is not sitting in water and reduce watering frequency. You can also apply a fungicide to the soil to prevent the spread of the fungus.
Pests
1. Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from the leaves of Eribroma oblongum, causing them to turn yellow and fall off. They thrive in hot and dry environments, and their presence is indicated by the presence of fine webs on the plant. To manage spider mites, wash the leaves with a strong jet of water to dislodge the pests and their webs, or apply a miticide to the plant.
2. Mealybugs: Mealybugs are soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of Eribroma oblongum, causing yellowing and stunted growth. They also secrete a sugary substance that can attract ants and lead to the growth of sooty mold. To manage mealybugs, remove them from the plant using a cotton swab dipped in alcohol or apply an insecticidal soap to the plant.
With proper disease and pest management, you can ensure that Eribroma oblongum grows healthy and strong, providing you with its medicinal properties for years to come.
