Overview
Erianthemum schelei, commonly known as the Bushveld erianthemum, is a small, semi-deciduous shrub that is native to Southern Africa. This plant belongs to the Loranthaceae plant family which are called "mistletoes".
Description
The Bushveld erianthemum has simple, ovate to broadly ovate leaves measuring 2-6 cm long and 1-5 cm wide. These leaves are glossy green on the upper surface and paler beneath with a dull texture. The flowers normally appear in summer (January to March) mostly growing in clusters, each being 1-2 cm long with white, pink or yellow petals.
Habitat
Erianthemum schelei can be found in various habitats including bushveld, savanna, and woodland areas, generally preferring areas with a mild climate.
Uses
The plant has numerous medicinal uses for various ailments, including bronchial infections and coughs. The leaves are crushed and inhaled, or a decoction is made from the leaves and used to treat chest problems. The roots and bark are also used to treat dysentery, inflammation and to reduce fever. The plant is also valued in African culture for its spiritual significance as a herb for good luck and to protect against evil spirits.
Cultivation
Erianthemum schelei is not commonly cultivated but can be propagated from seed or cuttings. It prefers full to partial sun and well-drained soils. The plant requires moderate watering throughout the year.
Light Requirements:
Erianthemum schelei typically grows in areas with a moderate level of sunlight. Outdoor growth locations that receive partial sun or filtered sunlight are ideal for this species. Too much direct, intense sunlight may cause leaf burn or stunted growth, so it is best to provide some shade if planting in a very sunny area. When grown indoors, they do well with bright, indirect light, such as near a north-facing window.
Temperature Requirements:
Erianthemum schelei grows best in areas with a warm, subtropical climate. The ideal temperature range is between 20°C and 30°C (68°F to 86°F). These plants prefer warmer temperatures, but they can tolerate occasional dips in temperature as long as they remain above 10°C (50°F). When grown in cooler climates, ensure that the plant is protected from frost or freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements:
The soil for Erianthemum schelei should be well-draining and loose. A slightly acidic to neutral pH level is recommended, with a pH range between 5.5 and 7.5. A mixture of regular potting soil with sand or perlite added in works well for this species. If planting in a garden, amend the soil with organic matter such as compost before planting. This plant is tolerant of a range of soil types, though soils that retain too much water should be avoided.
Cultivation Methods for Erianthemum schelei:
Erianthemum schelei is a tropical plant and grows well in warm and humid environments. It requires well-draining soil with ample organic matter for optimal growth. The plant prefers medium to bright indirect sunlight and adapts well to low light conditions. It can also be grown in containers or hanging baskets indoors or outdoors.
Watering Needs for Erianthemum schelei:
Erianthemum schelei requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. However, it is important not to overwater as it can lead to root rot. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged. The plant can also benefit from misting to increase humidity levels.
Fertilization of Erianthemum schelei:
Erianthemum schelei benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season, with a balanced fertilizer that includes micronutrients. Avoid applying fertilizer during the dormant season, as the plant is not actively growing. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer package, and do not overfertilize, as it can damage the plant.
Pruning Erianthemum schelei:
Erianthemum schelei requires minimal pruning, but it can benefit from occasional shaping and pinching back to promote bushier growth. Trim off any damaged or dead leaves or stems as necessary. Pruning should be done during the growing season, and avoid cutting back too heavily as it can stress the plant.
Propagation of Erianthemum schelei
Erianthemum schelei is a rare and endangered plant native to Cameroon and Nigeria in West Africa. It is a member of the Loranthaceae family, also known as mistletoe, and is a hemiparasite that grows on the branches of other trees. It produces small, bell-shaped flowers that are cream-colored and have a sweet fragrance.
Propagation Methods
Erianthemum schelei can be propagated using two main methods: seed propagation and vegetative propagation.
Seed propagation: Erianthemum schelei produces small fruits that contain one to two seeds. The seeds are quite small and can be collected from the fruits after they have matured. To improve germination rates, the seeds can be soaked in water for 24 hours prior to sowing. They can then be sown in well-draining soil mix in pots or trays. It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged and to provide the seeds with bright, indirect light. Germination can take up to four weeks, and once the seedlings have developed two or three leaves, they can be transplanted into larger pots.
Vegetative propagation: Erianthemum schelei can also be propagated using cuttings. Stem cuttings of approximately 10-15cm in length can be taken from the parent plant and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be planted vertically, with at least one node under the soil surface. Keep the soil moist and provide bright, indirect light. The cuttings should root within three to four weeks and can then be transplanted into larger pots.
Both seed and vegetative propagation methods can be used to increase the number of Erianthemum schelei plants and to propagate it for conservation purposes.
Disease Management for Erianthemum Schelei
Like most plants, Erianthemum schelei is prone to several diseases that could hinder its growth and health. Here are some common diseases that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Leaf Spot Diseases
Erianthemum schelei is susceptible to leaf spot diseases, which appear as circular spots on the leaves. Fungal diseases like Cercospora and Septoria cause these spots. To manage this disease, remove and destroy the infected leaves and avoid overcrowding the plants. Ensure adequate air circulation around the plant and irrigation to prevent waterlogged soils that encourage fungal growth.
Bacterial Blight
Bacterial blights cause wilting and dark green to brown leaves. The bacteria enter the plant through wounds and cause blight. To manage this, prune out infected branches and avoid watering the leaves. Ensure proper sanitation practices and disinfect pruning tools between use to prevent spreading the bacteria.
Pest Management for Erianthemum Schelei
Erianthemum schelei is prone to various pests that cause damage to the plant, including:
Spider Mites
Spider mites cause yellowing of the leaves and webbing on the plants. To manage this, prune out the infected parts, increase humidity around the plant, and avoid over-fertilizing the plant. Introducing natural predators like phytoseiulus persimilis and neoseiulus californicus can help control this pest.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are wingless pests that cause yellowed foliage and black soot on the leaves. To manage this, prune out the infected branches and apply a natural insecticide, like neem oil, to the foliage. Also, increase air circulation and reduce overfertilization to prevent attracting the pests.
