Overview
Eragrostis schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Benth. is a species of perennial grass in the Poaceae family. It is commonly found in Africa and is known by several different common names depending on the region it is found in.
Common names
Eragrostis schimperi is commonly known as Mali millet or Eritrean lovegrass in English, while other common names include Tabaldi grass, Ts'aats'aoga, and Gwarre in various African countries.
Origin
The grass is native to East Africa but can now be found in several other parts of Africa including Ethiopia, Tanzania, Sudan, Eritrea, and Somalia. Additionally, it has been introduced to other parts of the world, including the United States, Australia, and Brazil.
Appearance
Eragrostis schimperi is a low-growing, tufted grass that can reach up to 60cm in height. The leaves are flat and narrow with pointed tips and can be up to 30cm long. The inflorescence is branched and can be up to 30cm in length, containing small, greenish to purplish flowers. The seeds are small, brown, and oval-shaped.
Uses
Eragrostis schimperi has several uses in different parts of Africa. In Ethiopia, the leaves and stems are used to prepare a traditional dish known as Kitffo, while in Sudan and Somalia, the seeds are used to make a porridge called Asida. It is also used as fodder for livestock due to its high nutrient value. Additionally, it is used in erosion control efforts due to its ability to stabilize soils.
Light Requirements
Eragrostis schimperi prefers full sunlight exposure for optimal growth, although it can tolerate some shade. In areas with high temperatures, partial shade may be necessary to prevent scorching of the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in warm to hot environments with a temperature range of 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. Temperatures below 15 degrees Celsius may result in stunted growth, while those exceeding 35 degrees Celsius may cause heat stress.
Soil Requirements
Eragrostis schimperi grows in a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and gravelly soils. However, it prefers well-drained soils with a pH range of 5.0 to 7.5. Additionally, it can tolerate drought conditions and is often found growing in arid and semi-arid regions.
Cultivation Methods
Eragrostis schimperi requires well-drained soil and full sunlight exposure for optimal growth. The plant can tolerate a range of soil types but thrives best in fertile loamy soils. It is advisable to plant E. schimperi seeds directly in the soil during the rainy season, especially in areas with mild temperatures. The planting depth should not exceed 0.5cm
Watering Needs
The plant requires sufficient moisture, especially during its initial growth stages. Ensure the soil is adequately moist but not overly wet. After the plant is established, it can survive short periods of drought, but it is advisable to water it regularly for optimal growth.
Fertilization
Eragrostis schimperi benefits from regular fertilization. The ideal fertilizer should be low in nitrogen and high in potassium and phosphorous. Organic fertilizers, such as animal manure or compost, can be applied every four months.
Pruning
E. schimperi does not require extensive pruning, but it is advisable to remove dried leaves and stems periodically to promote new growth. If the plant has grown too large, it can be pruned to a height of 10-15cm to encourage bushier growth.
Propagation of Eragrostis schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Benth.
Eragrostis schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Benth. is a perennial plant species that belongs to the Poaceae family. It is widely distributed in Africa and is cultivated as a food crop and for ornamental purposes. Propagation of E. schimperi can be achieved through various methods, including:
Seed propagation
E. schimperi can be propagated using seeds. The seeds are collected from the mature plant and dried in a cool and dry place. The dried seeds can be stored in an airtight container until planting time. Before planting, the seeds can be soaked in water for a few hours to enhance germination. The seeds can be planted in loose and fertile soil and covered lightly with soil. Regular watering should be done until the seedlings are established.
Division
Division is another method used for propagating E. schimperi. This method involves dividing the rhizomes or rootstock of the mature plant into several sections. The divided sections should have well-developed roots and shoots. The divided sections are then replanted in loose and fertile soil in a new location. Regular watering should be done until the new plant is established.
Cutting propagation
E. schimperi can also be propagated by stem cuttings. This method involves taking stem cuttings from the mature plant and planting it in loose and fertile soil. The cuttings should be taken from the upper part of the stem and should have at least two nodes. The cuttings are then planted in loose and fertile soil and watered regularly until the new plant is established.
Disease and Pest Management for Eragrostis schimperi
Eragrostis schimperi is a hardy plant that is not easily plagued by diseases and pests. However, just like any other plant, it is susceptible to a few diseases and pests that can reduce its productivity. In this section, we will discuss some of the common diseases and pests that may affect Eragrostis schimperi and suggest ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Eragrostis schimperi is prone to a fungal disease known as Rust. Rust appears on the plant's leaves, where it causes yellow-brown spots that eventually turn rusty red. The spots then form pustules that release powdery spores that can spread to other plants. Leaf spots can lead to defoliation and weaken the plant.
To manage Rust, ensure that the plants have access to ample air circulation, minimize humidity, and avoid watering the leaves. A consistent fungicidal spray program can also be an effective way of managing Rust.
Common Pests
The most common pests that affect Eragrostis schimperi are grasshoppers, army worms, and cutworms. These pests typically consume the leaves and stems of the plant, leading to stunted growth and reduced productivity.
To manage grasshoppers, army worms, and cutworms, regular monitoring is crucial. Physical barriers like screens or floating row covers can also deter the pests from accessing the plants. Insecticides can be used as a last resort, but they should be used with caution, as they may harm beneficial insects and pollinators.
By following the management practices described above, farmers and gardeners can manage diseases and pests that affect Eragrostis schimperi and maintain the health and productivity of their crops.
