Description of Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, commonly known as weeping lovegrass, is a perennial grass native to Africa. It belongs to the family Poaceae, and it is widely used as a forage crop in semi-arid regions of the world. The plant has been naturalized in various regions such as Australia, North America, and South America due to its ability to thrive in various soil types and climates.
General Appearance
Eragrostis curvula has a clumped formation, with slender stems that can grow up to 2 meters tall. The leaves of the plant are long and narrow, ranging in color from blue-gray to green. Eragrostis curvula produces a slightly curved seed head that droops, giving it the weeping appearance which is how it gets its common name. The seeds are small, and the seed head is often purple or brown in color.
Uses
Eragrostis curvula is widely used as a forage crop due to its excellent grazing and hay quality. The plant can be grazed by cattle, sheep, and other livestock, and it is highly drought-tolerant. It is also used for soil conservation, water conservation, and erosion control in areas that are prone to soil erosion. Farmers have also used this plant as an ornamental grass because of its beautiful seed heads and weeping appearance. In traditional medicine, Eragrostis curvula has been used as an herbal remedy for fevers and stomach problems.
Light Requirements
Eragrostis curvula, commonly known as weeping lovegrass, thrives in areas with full sunlight. The plant requires a minimum of eight hours of direct sunlight daily. It is best grown in areas that receive at least 12 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
The weeping lovegrass plant thrives in areas with warm temperatures. It is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and thrives in temperatures between 18 to 30°C (64 to 86°F). The plant can, however, survive temperature lows of up to -5°C (23°F) for short periods but cannot withstand extended periods of harsh winters.
Soil Requirements
Eragrostis curvula grows best in well-drained soils. The plant is tolerant to a wide range of soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils. A neutral to slightly acidic soil pH of between 6.0 and 7.5 is optimal for the plant's growth. The plant thrives in soils with moderate fertility, and soil fertility can be maintained through regular fertilization.
Cultivation Methods
Eragrostis curvula, commonly known as Weeping Lovegrass, thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It's best to plant during the spring season when the soil temperatures are warm. In terms of spacing, the plants should be placed two to four inches apart and seeded at a depth of approximately ¼ inch. The plant grows well in USDA hardiness zones 6-10.
Watering Needs
Eragrostis curvula requires moderate watering to establish a healthy root system. Once the plant has acclimated to its environment, water needs decrease. You should avoid overwatering, which can cause root rot. It's best to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged; the plant will tell you its needs by showing signs of wilt.
Fertilization
Eragrostis curvula is classified as a low maintenance grass. The best way to fertilize it is with compost or organic matter. You can apply half an inch of compost to the soil after planting and avoid synthetic fertilizers. If the soil is lacking in nutrients, it's best to test the soil and amend it accordingly.
Pruning
Weeping Lovegrass has low pruning requirements. Dead or damaged blades can be removed with pruning shears. However, it's worth noting that the plant is remarkably tolerant of drought, fire, and grazing. Overgrazing can cause damage, leading to soil erosion and the resultant loss of plant cover.
Propagation of Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees
Eragrostis curvula or weeping lovegrass is typically propagated via vegetative means. It has been found to be difficult to propagate through seed, which tends to have low germination rates.
Vegetative Propagation of Eragrostis curvula
The most common method of propagation for Eragrostis curvula is through vegetative means. This can be achieved through rooting of culms or stem cuttings.
Culm cuttings are the more commonly used method of vegetative propagation. For this method, cuttings are taken from actively growing plants and planted immediately into well-drained soil. Soil moisture should be maintained at a consistent level until the cuttings are established. It is recommended to use cuttings that are at least 6 inches in length, with at least two nodes present for optimal success.
Another form of vegetative propagation is through stem cuttings. For this method, cuttings can be taken from mature plants or from young, actively growing plants. The cuttings should be approximately 4 inches in length with a node present, and should be planted immediately into well-drained soil. It is important to maintain consistent soil moisture until the cuttings are fully established.
Other Methods of Propagation
Propagation via seed can also be attempted, but it has been found to have low germination rates, and is often not recommended. If seed propagation is desired, it is recommended to collect seed from healthy, vigorous plants and plant in well-drained soil in the fall or early spring.
Tissue Culture propagation is a final method for propagating Eragrostis curvula. This method allows for the production of large numbers of plants from a small amount of starting material. Tissue culture propagation should be carried out in a controlled environment under sterile conditions.
Disease Management:
Eragrostis curvula is generally susceptible to fungal diseases, which can cause significant damage to the plant. Here are some common fungal diseases and ways to manage them:
- Leaf Spot: This disease results in circular brown spots on leaves. To manage it, remove any affected leaves and make sure the plant is not overcrowded, allowing for proper air circulation.
- Rust: Rust appears as orange pustules on leaves and stems. To prevent rust, remove any affected plant parts and avoid overhead watering.
- Fusarium Wilt: This fungal disease causes wilting and yellowing of leaves. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for Fusarium wilt, so prevent it by not planting E. curvula in areas with infected soil.
Pest Management:
While E. curvula is relatively pest-free, there are a few insects that can cause problems:
- Sod Webworms: These insects can cause significant damage to E. curvula by feeding on the grass blades. To manage, apply Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or spinosad to control the larvae.
- Mites: Spider mites can suck the sap from leaves, resulting in yellowing and discoloration. Regularly water the plant and spray with insecticidal soap to control substantial mite infestations.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs can also suck sap from the plant and excrete a sticky substance that attracts ants. To manage, wipe away affected areas with a damp cloth and use a systemic insecticide.
