Entoplocamia Procera Chiov.

Overview

Entoplocamia procera Chiov. is an evergreen plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae. It is a shrub or small tree that is endemic to East Africa. The plant is known for its ornamental purpose, as well as medicinal properties.

Common Names

The plant goes by many common names including Mvule mchanga, Mvule mweupe, and Muwavi.

Appearance

The Entoplocamia procera Chiov. plant has a cylindrical trunk that grows up to 30 meters tall. The bark is rough and fissured with a greyish brown color. The plant has simple, entire and glossy leaves that are dark green on the upper side and pale green on the underside. Its flowers are cream-colored, fragrant, and are produced in axillary cymes. The fruit is a cylindrical follicle that is green when young, and turn brown when it is ripe.

Uses

The Entoplocamia procera Chiov. plant has significant medicinal properties. The bark and roots of the plant are used in traditional African medicine as a remedy for several ailments such as toothache, fever, and malaria. The seeds are edible and have a high nutritional value. The plant is also used for ornamental purpose due to its attractive appearance as a shade tree in gardens and parks.

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Light Requirements

Entoplocamia procera Chiov. requires bright but indirect light. It is recommended to place the plant in a location that receives partial shade as direct sunlight can result in sunburn of the leaves.

Temperature Requirements

The plant prefers temperatures between 18-24°C (64-75°F) during the day and 15-18°C (59-64°F) at night. It is important to avoid exposing the plant to temperatures below 10°C (50°F) as low temperatures can damage the plant.

Soil Requirements

Entoplocamia procera Chiov. thrives in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.0. A mixture of peat, perlite, and sand is ideal for planting this species. It is recommended to allow the top inch of soil to dry out between watering sessions.

Cultivation methods

Entoplocamia procera Chiov. are native to tropical areas and require specific growing conditions. They thrive in well-draining soil rich in organic matter and should be planted in a location that receives partial to full shade. Before planting, prepare the soil by adding compost and organic fertilizer. If planting in pots, ensure the container is large enough to accommodate the roots and has drainage holes for excess water to drain away.

Watering needs

Entoplocamia procera Chiov. prefers consistently moist soil, but overwatering can cause root rot. Water the plant when the top layer of soil feels dry to the touch, and ensure the soil is well-draining to prevent waterlogging. During hotter months, increase watering frequency to prevent the soil from completely drying out.

Fertilization

Regular fertilization can help Entoplocamia procera Chiov. thrive. Use a balanced fertilizer every four to six weeks during active growth periods, from spring through summer. Reduce the frequency of fertilizer application during the winter months when the plant is dormant. Avoid overfertilizing, as this can cause salt build-up in the soil, which is harmful to the plant.

Pruning

Entoplocamia procera Chiov. requires minimal pruning. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased leaves or stems, and trim back any overgrown or trailing branches to maintain the plant's shape. Prune the plant lightly after the growing season to stimulate new growth.

Propagation of Entoplocamia procera Chiov.

Entoplocamia procera Chiov. can be propagated by various methods, including seeds, cuttings, and division.

Propagation by Seeds

The seeds of Entoplocamia procera Chiov. have a short viability period and should be sown as soon as possible after they are harvested. The seeds should be soaked in warm water for 24 hours before sowing to soften the seed coat and allow for faster germination. The seeds can be sown in a well-draining potting mix at a depth of 1-2 cm. The potting mix should be kept moist, and the seeds should germinate in 4-6 weeks under warm and humid conditions.

Propagation by Cuttings

Cuttings can be taken from Entoplocamia procera Chiov. during the spring or summer months when the plant is actively growing. The cuttings should be 10-15 cm long and taken from the softwood of the plant. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder. Insert the cuttings in a well-draining potting mix and cover with a plastic bag to maintain high humidity levels. The cuttings should root in 3-4 weeks under warm and humid conditions.

Propagation by Division

The clumps of Entoplocamia procera Chiov. can be divided during the spring or fall months. Dig up the clump and carefully separate the young shoots with some roots attached. Replant the divisions in well-draining potting mix and water thoroughly. The divisions should establish quickly if kept warm and moist.

Disease Management

One of the common diseases that might affect Entoplocamia procera Chiov. is anthracnose. The symptoms of this disease include brown or black spots on the leaves, stems, and fruits. It can be prevented by having good hygiene practices, such as removing infected plant parts and avoiding overcrowding of plants. Fungicides can also be used to manage the disease.

Another disease that can affect the plant is powdery mildew. The symptoms of this disease include white or gray powdery spots on the leaves, stems, and flowers. This disease can be managed by using fungicides and increasing air ventilation around the plant to reduce humidity levels.

Pest Management

One of the common pests that might affect Entoplocamia procera Chiov. is the mealybug. They attack the leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant. These pests can be managed by removing them manually with a cotton swab soaked in alcohol or by using a natural predator such as ladybugs.

The scale insect is another pest that can affect the plant. They can be seen as small, brown, dome-shaped insects on the leaves, stems, and fruits. They can be managed by using horticultural oils or insecticides.

To prevent both disease and pest problems, it is important to maintain good hygiene practices, such as cleaning tools and removing dead or infected plant parts. Also, choosing disease and pest-resistant cultivars can go a long way in preventing problems before they start.