Origin of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC.
Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. is a tree species that belongs to the family Meliaceae. The plant is native to Africa, particularly in Angola, Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Congo-Brazzaville.
Common Names of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC.
Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. is commonly known as the tropical African mahogany, African mahogany or Chanfuta.
Appearance of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC.
Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. is a tall tree species that can reach a height of up to 60 meters. It has a rounded crown with a buttressed trunk that can grow up to two meters in diameter. The bark of the tree is smooth and gray-brownish in color. The leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, and can grow up to 45 cm in length with 5-9 leaflets. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, and are arranged in panicles. The fruit is a woody capsule that can be up to 20 cm long with 5 valves that split open to release numerous winged seeds.
Uses of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC.
Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. has various uses. The wood of the tree is highly valued in the timber industry due to its durability, strength, and attractive appearance. It is used in the production of furniture, cabinets, flooring, and musical instruments. The bark and leaves of the plant are used for traditional medicine in various African communities to treat various ailments such as malaria, fever, and gastrointestinal disorders. The tree also provides food for wildlife and is used for shade in agroforestry systems.
Light Requirements
The Entandrophragma angolense plant will grow and perform better when it is exposed to bright, indirect light. This means that it should not be kept in areas that are too shaded, where sunlight cannot penetrate easily. The plant can tolerate some levels of direct sunlight, but care should be taken not to expose it to too much direct light as this can cause the leaves to yellow and scorch.
Temperature Requirements
The Entandrophragma angolense plant prefers a warm and humid environment. It grows best in temperatures between 60-80°F (15-27°C) and in environments with high humidity. The plant is highly susceptible to frost damage and should be protected from cold temperatures. It is advisable to keep the plant indoors during winter or in areas with cold temperatures.
Soil Requirements
The Entandrophragma angolense plant thrives in well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients. It requires soil that has good water retention capabilities, but at the same time does not hold water for too long. A pH range of between 6.0-7.0 is ideal for the plant. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged as this can lead to root rot and other diseases. Organic matter can be added to the soil to improve its nutrient content and drainage capabilities.
Cultivation methods
Entandrophragma angolense is commonly propagated through its seeds, which should be sown in slightly acidic soil in a plastic bag or a pot. It is important to ensure the soil is moist and that there is plenty of humidity around the seed. The seed can take up to six weeks to germinate, and once it starts growing, it should be planted in a suitable location with plenty of sunlight and high-quality soil. If planting in a garden bed, ensure that the soil has good drainage.
Watering needs
To ensure that Entandrophragma angolense is healthy and growing adequately, it is essential to keep the soil moist without overwatering the plant. To do this, use a watering can or another gentle watering method to keep the soil hydrated. Pay attention to any signs of wilting, as this could indicate that the plant is not receiving enough water. Conversely, overwatering the plant can lead to waterlogging, which causes root rot.
Fertilization
Entandrophragma angolense requires regular fertilization to ensure optimal growth and development. It is recommended to use a slow-release fertilizer once or twice a year, during early spring or early summer. This will provide the tree with all the necessary nutrients while avoiding the risk of burning the roots. If you notice any yellowing of the leaves, it might be an indication of a nutrient imbalance, and you should adjust your fertilization regimen accordingly.
Pruning
As Entandrophragma angolense matures, pruning can be necessary to maintain its shape and size, which makes the tree more aesthetically pleasing and easier to manage. Pruning should be done in the dormant season, typically from November to March. When pruning, use sharp tools and make clean cuts, ensuring that no significant branches are damaged. Pay particular attention to any branches or limbs that are growing in an irregular manner or any broken or dead branches.
Propagation of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC.
Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. is commonly propagated through seedlings. The propagation method can be done through natural methods or manual means.
Natural propagation methods
In natural propagation, the plant's seeds are dispersed and transported through natural means such as wind, water, or animals. Once the seeds reach suitable conditions, they germinate and grow into a new plant. The plant's seeds have a hard outer coating that needs to be broken before germination. This can happen naturally through rustling in the soil or fire.
Manual propagation methods
The alternative propagation method involves an active approach that requires human intervention. This method has more control over the germination process and ensures a higher success rate. One method is to collect and store seeds in a cool dry location, ensuring that the seed's outer coat is mature before collecting. The outer coating can be broken manually too. Once ready, the seeds can be planted in well-draining soil and kept in a warm location, ideally around 25-30°C.
Another manual method involves taking cuttings from the plant's branches and propagating them in well-irrigated soil. Branch cuttings can grow roots and develop into new seedlings. This method has a much lower success rate than seed propagation. The ideal season for cutting propagation is during the rainy season, where humidity levels are higher, making rooting easier.
Disease and Pest Management for Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC.
Entandrophragma angolense, commonly known as the "African mahogany," is a plant species that is vulnerable to a number of diseases and pests. Here are some of the most common diseases and pests that can affect the plant:
Diseases
Leaf spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes small, circular brown or black spots on the leaves. The spots may eventually spread, causing the leaves to turn yellow or brown and drop off. To manage leaf spot, remove infected leaves and improve air circulation around the plant. You can also use copper-based fungicides to prevent the spread of the disease.
Anthracnose: Anthracnose is another fungal disease that causes dark, sunken lesions on leaves, flowers, and fruit. The infected tissues may become distorted or die, and the disease can spread rapidly in warm, humid weather. To manage anthracnose, remove infected plant parts and apply a fungicide. You can also improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
Root rot: Root rot is a common problem in plants that are overwatered or planted in poorly drained soil. It is caused by various fungi that attack the roots, causing them to decay and turn brown or black. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering and use well-draining soil. You can also apply a fungicide to the soil to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pests
Scale insects: Scale insects are small, sap-sucking pests that attach themselves to the stems and leaves of plants. They are often difficult to see and can cause yellowing or wilting of the plant. To manage scale insects, prune heavily infested branches and apply horticultural oil to kill the pests.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the sap of plants, causing yellowing and stippling of the leaves. They thrive in hot, dry environments and can quickly multiply, causing serious damage to the plant. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a stream of water to dislodge the pests. You can also apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill the mites.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larval stage of moths and butterflies, and they often feed on the leaves and stems of plants. They can cause defoliation and weaken the plant, making it more susceptible to diseases and pests. To manage caterpillars, pick them off the plant by hand or apply a Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) insecticide.
These are just a few of the many diseases and pests that can affect Entandrophragma angolense. To keep your plant healthy, it is important to monitor it regularly and take action at the first sign of a problem.
