Origin
Enneapogon brachystachyus, also known as short-spiked nineawn, is a grass species native to Africa and Madagascar.
Common Names
Short-spiked nineawn is also commonly referred to as Jaubert & Spach Enneapogon, and in Madagascar, it is locally known as thabo.
Uses
As a grass species, Enneapogon brachystachyus plays a vital role in livestock grazing and soil conservation in its native regions. The plant is also known for its medicinal properties and is commonly used in traditional African medicine to alleviate pain and inflammation.
General Appearance
The short-spiked nineawn is a perennial grass species that grows up to 30cm in height, producing flower spikes between June and August. The plant has narrow, pointed leaves and a tufted growth habit, forming clumps that spread over time. Its cylindrical flower spikes are densely packed with spikelets, which can be up to 5mm in length and brownish in color.
Light
Enneapogon brachystachyus grows in full sunlight to partial shade. It thrives in areas with abundant direct sunlight, but will also grow under trees or in slightly shaded areas.
Temperature
The plant is well adapted to grow in various temperature conditions. It can withstand very high temperatures and drought conditions without dying off. However, it cannot tolerate frost and extremely low temperatures that can damage the above-ground parts of the plant.
Soil Requirements
The plant is highly adaptive to various soil types but prefers well-draining soils. It grows best in sandy or loamy soils that are rich in nutrients. The pH range should be between 5.8 and 7.5. It can also grow in disturbed soils, but the growth rate may be slower.
Cultivation methods
The Enneapogon brachystachyus plant requires full sunlight for healthy growth and prefers well-drained soil with a pH level of 6.5 to 7.5. It is best grown in warmer climates and is resistant to drought conditions once established. It can be propagated from seeds and should be planted around 1cm deep in rows spaced 30cm apart.
Watering needs
The plant requires regular watering during its initial growth stage and up to a year after planting. Afterward, it may thrive under low-water conditions, with long periods of drought actually promoting flowering. However, it is still important to avoid allowing the soil to completely dry out, as this can damage the roots.
Fertilization
Enneapogon brachystachyus responds well to light fertilization with slow-release nitrogen-rich fertilizers. It is advisable to add the fertilizer before the onset of the rainy season, as this will help the plant to utilize the nutrients effectively.
Pruning
Pruning is not needed frequently for Enneapogon brachystachyus, although dead or damaged leaves can be removed to encourage healthy growth. It is also wise to prune after the seeds have matured and the plants have gone into dormant mode, though it is best not to cut down more than 50% of the plant at any one time. As with all pruning tasks, it is important to use clean, sharp tools to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation of Enneapogon brachystachyus
Propagation, in the case of Enneapogon brachystachyus (Jaub. & Spach) Stapf, is possible through methods such as seed propagation, clump division, and stem cuttings.
Seed propagation
Enneapogon brachystachyus seeds can be sown directly into the ground or pots filled with a well-draining soil mix. Germination usually takes place within 3-4 weeks at a temperature of 20-25°C. Seedlings can be transplanted to their final location after a few months of growth.
Clump division
Clump division is a simple and effective method of propagating Enneapogon brachystachyus. This involves dividing the plant into smaller clumps using a sharp knife and replanting them in well-prepared soil.
Stem cuttings
Enneapogon brachystachyus can also be propagated through stem cuttings taken from actively growing plants. Cuttings of about 10cm length should be taken from near the base of the plant, and planted in a well-draining soil mix. They should be kept moist and in a warm, bright location until they root. This process may take several weeks.
Disease Management
The Enneapogon brachystachyus plant is susceptible to various fungal diseases such as leaf spot, root rot, and powdery mildew. To manage these diseases, it is crucial to maintain proper plant hygiene. Start by removing and disposing of infected plants and debris around the plant. Additionally, water the plants in the morning to allow the leaves to dry out during the day, decreasing the likelihood of fungal growth. You can also use synthetic fungicides or organic products such as neem oil, compost tea, or baking soda mixed with water to control fungal growth.
Pest Management
The common pests that attack Enneapogon brachystachyus plants include aphids, spider mites, and grasshoppers. Aphids and spider mites suck sap from the leaves reducing their vigor, while grasshoppers eat the leaves outright. To manage these pests, introduce predatory insects such as ladybugs or lacewings or use insecticides with active ingredients such as pyrethrin and neem oil. Additionally, maintaining plant hygiene with regular weeding and cleaning debris around the plants helps in preventing pest infestations.
