Overview of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal, commonly known as "Chhota chirayta" in Hindi, is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Gentianaceae family. It is a subspecies of Enicostema axillare, a plant that is native to the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China. This plant is typically found in dry and rocky areas at an altitude ranging from 600 to 1500 meters.Appearance of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal is a small, erect, annual herb that grows up to 50 centimeters tall. The plant has stem-like branches that are slender and pubescent. The leaves are opposite and lanceolate, measuring up to 7 centimeters in length and 1.5 centimeters in width. The leaves have a pale green color and are smooth on the upper surface while hairy on the underside. The flowers are small, greenish-white, and arranged in axillary clusters.Uses of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal has been used in traditional medicine for its antipyretic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant is commonly used as a bitter tonic and is believed to have properties that can help in treating liver and stomach disorders, malaria, fever, and bronchitis. The plant has also been found to have hypoglycemic properties, making it a potential candidate for treating diabetes. In addition to its medicinal uses, Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal is also used as fodder for livestock and is often used in the manufacture of pesticides. Overall, the plant is an important herb with diverse potential uses and is highly regarded in traditional medicine.Light Requirements
Enicostema axillare subsp. latilobum requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. In shaded areas, the plant may grow and survive but it may not produce as much foliage or flowers. In sunny areas, the plant may require more frequent watering and fertilizing but will typically be bushier and more robust.
Temperature Requirements
This particular subspecies of Enicostema axillare prefers warm to hot temperatures. It thrives in temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C. Extreme cold or frost can be detrimental to the plant's growth and may cause wilting or death of the plant.
Soil Requirements
Enicostema axillare subsp. latilobum prefers well-draining soils with a neutral to slightly acidic pH between 6.0-7.5. The plant can tolerate a range of soil types such as sandy loam, clay loam, and gravelly soils. However, the soil must have good drainage, and the plant does not tolerate waterlogged conditions.
Cultivation of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal, commonly known as Chhota chirayata, is a herb with indeterminate growth habit and can grow up to a height of 1.5 meters. Here are some tips for cultivating and caring for this plant:
Watering needs
This plant requires moderate watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can result in scorching of leaves. Watering must be done when the topsoil becomes dry to the touch. During the rainy seasons, watering frequency must be reduced.
Fertilization
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal requires regular fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus-rich fertilizers. Fertilizers must be applied during the growing season, which is from spring to summer. Organic fertilizers can also be used to boost plant health.
Pruning
Regular pruning is essential to maintain the growth and shape of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal. Pruning must be done during the winter months to maintain the height of the plant from becoming unmanageable. Removing yellowing and damaged leaves is also beneficial for the growth of the plant.
Propagation of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal, also known as "Higuti" in India, is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Gentianaceae. Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods such as seeds, stem cuttings, and root cuttings.
Propagation through seeds
The most common method of propagation of Enicostema axillare is through seeds. Collect seeds from mature plants during the flowering season. Sow the seeds in well-drained potting mix or topsoil mixed with sand. Water the seeds regularly and provide them with proper sunlight. Germination usually takes around 3-4 weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted to a larger container once they have grown to a suitable size.
Propagation through stem cuttings
Enicostema axillare can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Take 6-10 centimeter long stem cuttings from a mature plant during the growing season. Remove the leaves from the bottom of the stem and dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone. Plant the stem cuttings in a well-drained potting mix and keep it in a humid environment. Roots will develop in 2-3 weeks, and the newly formed plants can be transplanted to a larger container or garden.
Propagation through root cuttings
Propagation of Enicostema axillare through root cuttings is also possible. Take root cuttings from a mature plant during the dormant season. Cut 3-4 centimeter long pieces of roots and plant them in a moist and well-drained potting mix. Cover the container with a plastic sheet to maintain humidity and keep the soil moist. The cuttings will produce new shoots in 2-3 weeks, and they can be transplanted into larger containers or gardens.
Disease and Pest Management for Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal is a plant that can be affected by various diseases and pests. It is important to identify the symptoms and signs of these problems and manage them promptly to ensure the plant's health. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggested ways to manage them.
Diseases
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a common problem that affects many plants, including Enicostema axillare. The symptoms include brown or black spots on the leaves, which may have yellow or green borders. To manage this disease, remove the affected leaves and avoid overhead irrigation. Also, ensure that the plant is properly spaced to allow for good air circulation.
Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant, causing them to rot. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and plant wilting. To manage this disease, ensure that the plant is not overwatered and that the soil has good drainage. If the disease is severe, it may be necessary to remove the plant.
Pests
Mites: Mites are common pests that can affect Enicostema axillare. Symptoms include yellow or brown spots on the leaves, webbing, and stunted growth. To manage mites, wash the plant with a strong stream of water, use insecticidal soap, or introduce natural predators like ladybugs.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are small, immobile pests that attach themselves to the plant and suck sap from it, causing stunted growth and leaf yellowing. To manage this pest, prune the affected stems and leaves and apply insecticidal soap or horticultural oil to the plant.
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and curled leaves. To manage this pest, wash the plant with water or apply insecticidal soap. Introducing natural predators like ladybugs can also be effective.
By observing the plant regularly, identifying the symptoms, and managing the diseases and pests promptly, you can ensure the health and vitality of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal.
