Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév.
Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév. is a fruit-bearing tree species that belongs to the Fabaceae family. The tree is native to tropical Africa and is commonly found in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, and Angola.
Common names
The plant is commonly known as the African cherry, African prune, and bush mango. The local or indigenous names for the plant species vary depending on different communities. For instance, in Nigeria, it is called Ogbono while the Bantu people in Central Africa call it Njansang.
Uses
The Englerophytum somiferanum tree has numerous uses, especially in traditional medicine and as a food source for the local communities. In traditional medicine, the bark, roots, and leaves are used to treat various diseases such as diarrhea, stomach ulcers, and rheumatism. The seeds of the tree are also used to make a thick soup that is rich in protein and is a popular food in many African communities.
The seeds have a nutty flavor and are used as a seasoning or a thickener in soups, stews, and sauces. The oil extracted from the seeds is also used in making cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
General appearance
The Englerophytum somiferanum tree grows up to a height of 20-40 meters and has a rounded crown. The bark is grey-brown and has a rough texture, while the leaves are dark green and glossy. The flowers are white, and the fruit is a large, brown, and woody pod that contains numerous seeds.
The tree is an important component of the African forest ecosystem and is essential in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services such as soil conservation and carbon sequestration.
Typical Growth Conditions for Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév.
Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév. is a tropical tree species commonly known as African nutmeg or false nutmeg. It is native to Africa, particularly in the west-central region, and is known for its economic and medicinal importance.
Light Requirements
African nutmeg trees need bright sunlight to grow well. They require at least six hours of direct sunlight per day, but they can also tolerate partial shade. It is advisable to plant the trees in areas that are not affected by other larger trees that could affect their light requirements.
Temperature Requirements
African nutmeg trees prefer warm tropical climates. The species prefers temperatures between 22 °C and 30 °C. They can survive in temperatures as low as 10 °C, but growth will be slow. African nutmeg trees do not grow well in areas with frost or extended periods of cold weather.
Soil Requirements
The African nutmeg tree requires well-drained soil and can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy and loamy soils. They can tolerate acidic as well as alkaline soil. However, the tree is relatively vulnerable to waterlogging, and poorly drained soils should be avoided. The ideal soil pH range for African nutmeg is between 6.0 and 7.5. The plant has moderate to high nutrient requirements, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and responds well to the use of fertilizers.
Cultivation Methods
Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév., commonly known as the African corkwood, is a slow-growing tree that is native to some African countries, including Nigeria, Cameroon, and Congo. It can be grown in regions that have a tropical or subtropical climate. The tree prefers well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients and has a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. It can be propagated through seed or stem cuttings. When grown from seed, it takes about four to six months for germination to occur.
Watering Needs
Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév. requires consistent watering to grow healthily. The tree is known to thrive in areas with an average annual rainfall of 1,500 mm to 2,000 mm. In the absence of adequate rainfall, the tree will require regular watering. However, care should be taken not to overwater the tree since this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Fertilization is essential for the healthy growth of Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the critical macronutrients required by the tree. Fertilizer should be applied to the tree at least twice a year, during the rainy season to encourage growth. Slow-release fertilizers are recommended, and care should be taken to avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to the loss of leaves and stunted growth.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to encourage the growth of Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév. It should be done during the dry season when the tree is not actively growing. The tree should be pruned to remove damaged, diseased, or dead branches. This will encourage the growth of new shoots and prevent the tree from becoming overcrowded. Care should be taken to avoid over-pruning since this can lead to stunted growth.
Propagation of Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév.
Englerophytum somiferanum Aubrév., commonly known as African cherry, is a tree indigenous to tropical Africa. This plant can be propagated through several methods, including:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is one of the easiest methods to propagate Englerophytum somiferanum. Collect ripe fruits from the tree, remove the fleshy pulp, and wash the seeds. Sow the seeds in seedbeds filled with a mixture of sand and organic matter. Keep the soil moist and warm, and the seeds should germinate in about four weeks. Once the seedlings are robust enough, transplant them to individual containers.
Asexual propagation
Englerophytum somiferanum can also be propagated asexually through vegetative propagation. One of the most effective methods is through stem cuttings. Take a cutting from a mature plant, ensuring that it is about 15-20cm long and contains at least three nodes. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cutting in a rooting hormone to enhance rooting. Plant the cutting in a well-draining rooting medium, keep it moist and warm, and provide it with the right light conditions. With proper care, roots should develop in about six weeks. Transplant the rooted cutting into an individual container.
Disease Management
Englerophytum somiferanum is generally resistant to many plant diseases. However, the most common diseases that affect this plant are fungal infections. These diseases may cause serious damage, leading to stunted growth, loss of leaves, and even plant death.
One recommended method of managing fungal infections is ensuring good sanitation practices. This includes removing and destroying infected parts of the tree as well as controlling the spread by removing fallen leaves and deadwood. Proper pruning can also help improve air circulation and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of fungal infections. They are most effective when applied during early stages of infection. However, it is important to observe the recommended application rates to avoid damage to the plant.
Pest Management
Englerophytum somiferanum is generally not affected by serious pest problems. However, the most common pests that may affect this plant include mealybugs, aphids, and scale insects. These pests can cause damage by sucking sap from the leaves, resulting in stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and even plant death.
To manage these pests, it is important to monitor the plant regularly and address any infestations as soon as they are detected. You can remove mealybugs and aphids by washing the tree with a strong jet of water or by using insecticidal soap. For scale insects, you can use horticultural oils, such as neem oil, to suffocate them.
It is important to note that chemical control measures should be used as a last resort, and only when natural or cultural control measures have failed. Always follow the recommended application rates and safety guidelines when applying chemical control measures.
