Overview of Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn.
Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae, commonly found in Southern Africa. It is also known by several common names, including Marula, Jelly Plum, and Elephant Tree.
Appearance of Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn.
Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. is a medium-sized tree that can grow up to 18 meters tall. The trunk of the tree is straight and cylindrical and can have a diameter of up to 60 cm. The bark of the tree is smooth and grayish-brown in color.
The leaves of the Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. are alternate, simple, and ovate in shape. They are glossy green in color and can reach a length of up to 14 cm. The flowers of the tree are small and white in color, and they are followed by a fleshy, edible fruit that is yellowish in color and has a hard, woody shell.
Uses of Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn.
Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. has many traditional uses. The fruit of the tree is commonly used to make a fermented beverage. The nuts of the tree are also edible and contain a high amount of protein.
In addition to its culinary uses, the bark and leaves of the Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. have medicinal properties. The bark is used to treat malaria, diarrhea, and fever, while the leaves are used to treat headache, stomach ache, and cough.
The tree is also commercially valuable. The oil extracted from the nuts of the tree is used in cosmetics and as a lubricant. The wood of the tree is hard and durable and is used to make furniture, utensils, and carvings.
Light Requirements:
Englerophytum magalismontanum requires full sun to partial shade to thrive. It can tolerate partial shade but may grow slower and produce fewer flowers and fruits. However, excessive sun exposure may cause leaf damage or scorching.
Temperature Requirements:
This plant species is native to tropical and subtropical regions and prefers a warm environment. The optimal temperature range for its growth is between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. It cannot withstand frost or freezing temperatures, and prolonged exposure to low temperatures may lead to plant damage or death.
Soil Requirements:
Englerophytum magalismontanum prefers well-drained and moderately fertile soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. It can grow in various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, but requires good soil structure and texture for proper root development. The plant is also sensitive to waterlogged or poorly drained soils and may suffer from root rot or other diseases if the soil is too wet.
Cultivation of Englerophytum magalismontanum
Englerophytum magalismontanum, also known as the African Teak, is a hardwood tree that is native to southern Africa. It is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 30 meters tall and forms a dense leafy canopy. It is commonly cultivated for its high-quality timber.
When cultivating the African Teak, it is important to plant it in soils that are fertile, well-drained, and rich in organic matter. The tree prefers full sun and is highly tolerant of drought.
Watering needs of Englerophytum magalismontanum
Although Englerophytum magalismontanum is drought tolerant, it still requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. It is important to water the tree deeply and regularly, allowing the soil to dry out partially between watering. Watering should be reduced during the rainy season to avoid waterlogging.
Fertilization of Englerophytum magalismontanum
Englerophytum magalismontanum requires regular fertilization, especially during the active growing season. A balanced, slow-release fertilizer with a 3-1-2 NPK ratio can be applied every two to three months. Organic fertilizers such as compost or manure can also be applied around the base of the tree to improve soil fertility.
Pruning of Englerophytum magalismontanum
Englerophytum magalismontanum requires minimal pruning. Dead or damaged branches should be removed regularly to prevent disease or insect infestation. Pruning can also be carried out to control the size and shape of the tree.
Propagation of Englerophytum magalismontanum
Englerophytum magalismontanum can be propagated through different methods, including seeds, cuttings, and budding. The propagation of this plant requires attention to detail and proper techniques to ensure successful growth.
Propagation by Seeds
The seeds of Englerophytum magalismontanum are collected from fully matured fruits. The collected seeds must be cleaned and soaked in water for about 24 hours before planting. Germination of the seeds can be done using standard nursery trays, filled with a mixture of loam and river sand in equal proportions. The seeds are then covered with a light layer of sand and kept moist until germination, which typically takes around two to three weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings are another way of propagating Englerophytum magalismontanum. Cuttings are taken from mature and healthy plants, preferably from the softwood region of the plant. The cuttings are then dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a rooting medium such as vermiculite, perlite, or sand in a nursery or greenhouse. The planting medium should remain moist, and the cutting should be kept in a shaded area until roots are formed, which typically takes several weeks.
Propagation by Budding
Budding is a propagation method that is typically used to produce clonal plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Budding involves grafting a bud from the parent plant onto a rootstock of the same species or a closely related species. The bud is carefully wrapped with grafting tape to hold it in place and to prevent moisture loss. The grafted plant is then kept in a warm, moist environment to encourage growth.
Disease Management
Englerophytum magalismontanum is susceptible to fungal diseases that can affect its growth and productivity. The most common diseases affecting the plant are stem cankers, leaf spots, and root rot. These diseases are caused by fungi present in the soil or transmitted through infected plant debris.
The most effective way to control fungal diseases is to plant disease-resistant varieties in well-drained soils. Soil drainage is essential as it reduces the likelihood of waterlogging that can increase the spread of fungal diseases. Good sanitation practices such as removing and destroying infected plant debris can also help manage the spread of diseases. Fungicides can also be used as a last resort in severe cases.
Pest Management
Englerophytum magalismontanum is also susceptible to infestations by pests such as shoot borers, mealybugs, and scale insects. These pests can cause severe damage by feeding on the plant, affecting its growth and productivity.
One of the most effective ways to manage pests is through regular monitoring of the plant for signs of infestations. Early detection and removal of affected plant parts can significantly reduce the severity of damage caused by pests. Cultural practices such as proper plant spacing and good plant nutrition can also help reduce pest pressure. Insecticides can also be used as a last resort in severe cases, but care should be taken to minimize their impact on beneficial insects and the environment.
