Englerastrum schlechteri: Origin and Common Names
Englerastrum schlechteri, previously known as Erythrophleum schlechteri, is a plant species that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is native to the African continent and can be found across Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Common names for this plant include Senegal poison, Eculyptus, and Mbra.
Appearance and Characteristics
Englerastrum schlechteri is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 25 meters tall. It has a single straight trunk that can reach a diameter of 60 centimeters. The bark is greyish-brown with deep vertical fissures, and the branches are often covered in small spines. The leaves are compound and pinnate, with four to six pairs of leaflets that are ovate to lanceolate in shape and have a dull green color. The tree produces small white or pinkish flowers that are arranged in terminal inflorescences. The fruit is a cylindrical pod that has a woody texture and is up to 20 centimeters long.
Uses
The bark, roots, and seeds of Englerastrum schlechteri are known to contain several alkaloids, including erythrophleine and erythrophlorine, which have been used traditionally for their medicinal properties. In some African countries, the plant is used to treat fever, coughs, and other respiratory ailments. However, the high alkaloid content of the plant also makes it dangerously toxic, and ingestion of its seeds or bark can result in severe poisoning. Due to its toxicity, the plant is also used in some communities as a poison for hunting or fishing. The wood of Englerastrum schlechteri is hard and durable and is sometimes used in furniture making or in the construction of canoes or rafts.
Light Conditions
Englerastrum schlechteri typically grows in areas that receive full sun exposure, although it can also tolerate partial shades. The plant requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day for optimal growth. Inadequate sunlight can cause stunted growth and smaller leaves.
Temperature Conditions
The plant prefers warm temperatures between 25°C and 35°C, with temperatures not dropping below 10°C. Englerastrum schlechteri is native to African savannas, and as such it thrives in hot and dry environments. Cold temperatures, especially frost, can cause the plant to wilt and suffer irreversible damage.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining, sandy soils that are low in organic matter. It can also grow in rocky soils with low fertility. The soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.5. Soil compaction can hinder root growth and development, leading to poor plant growth. Adequate soil moisture is necessary, although the plant can tolerate periods of drought as it has a deep root system.
Cultivation
Englerastrum schlechteri (Gürke) Alston is best grown in well-drained soils with good aeration. The plant prefers areas with full sunlight exposure and good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases. It can be propagated through seeds, stem cuttings, or division.
Watering
Watering should be done regularly, especially during the growing season, to maintain soil moisture. However, overwatering should be avoided since it can lead to waterlogging, root rot, and other fungal infections. The plant should be allowed to dry between watering sessions.
Fertilization
Englerastrum schlechteri (Gürke) Alston can benefit from regular fertilization to promote healthy growth. It is recommended to use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. However, excessive use of fertilizers can lead to leaching, which harms the environment and can also cause root damage.
Pruning
Pruning should be done annually to maintain the plant's shape, encourage branching, and improve its overall health. Dead and damaged branches should be removed as soon as possible. The best time for pruning is during the winter dormancy period, or after blooms have faded. Pruning can also be done after flowering to promote a more bushy growth habit.
Propagation of Englerastrum schlechteri
Englerastrum schlechteri (Gürke) Alston can be propagated through different methods including seeds, cuttings, and division.
Propagation by Seeds
The easiest and cheapest way to propagate Englerastrum schlechteri is by using seeds. Seeds should be harvested in the fall when the capsules begin to dry and split open. Once collected, the seeds should be cleaned and stored in a cool and dry place until the following spring. To plant the seeds, prepare pots with a well-draining soil mixture, and soak the seeds in lukewarm water for 24 hours before sowing. Cover the seeds with a light layer of soil, and keep them moist until germination. It usually takes around 2-3 weeks for the seeds to germinate.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another option for Englerastrum schlechteri. Stem cuttings can be taken in the spring or early summer from mature plants. Choose a healthy stem with at least two nodes and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cut end into rooting hormone and plant it into a well-draining soil mix. Place the pot in a warm, bright, and humid location, and keep the soil moist. Roots should develop in around 4-6 weeks.
Propagation by Division
Division is a suitable propagation method for Englerastrum schlechteri if the plant has formed a clump. Gently lift the clump from the ground or pot, and use a sharp knife to divide it into smaller sections. Each section should have at least one stem and healthy roots. Plant the divided sections into separate pots with well-draining soil mix and keep them moist until they establish.
Disease and Pest Management for Englerastrum schlechteri
Englerastrum schlechteri is generally considered a low-maintenance plant, but it is still susceptible to some diseases and pests. Here are some common issues and ways to manage them:
Diseases:
Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes small brown or black spots on the leaves of the plant. Over time, the spots can grow and merge, causing the leaves to wilt and die. To manage leaf spot, remove any infected leaves immediately and dispose of them in the trash. Increase air circulation around the plant, avoid overhead watering, and consider applying a fungicide.
Root Rot: This disease is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. It causes the roots of the plant to rot, leading to yellowed or wilted leaves, stunted growth, and eventually plant death. To manage root rot, ensure the plant is in well-draining soil and do not overwater. If the plant is already affected, remove it from the soil, trim away any brown or mushy roots, and repot it into fresh soil.
Pests:
Spider Mites: These tiny pests suck the sap from the leaves of the plant, causing a stippled appearance and eventually leading to leaf drop. To manage spider mites, increase the humidity around the plant and water it regularly. You can also try spraying the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Mealybugs: These pests look like tiny balls of cotton on the leaves of the plant and can cause stunted growth and yellowed foliage. To manage mealybugs, remove them with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. You can also spray the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
By monitoring your Englerastrum schlechteri regularly and taking prompt action if any issues arise, you can keep it healthy and thriving.
