Empodium plicatum (Thunb.) Garside: A Detailed Description
Empodium plicatum (Thunb.) Garside, also known as "Folded Empodium," is a perennial herb with a broad geographical distribution. This plant is native to various regions across Asia, such as China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It mainly thrives in forested areas, on mountainsides, and in alpine meadows.
Common Names
Empodium plicatum goes by several common names, including "Folded Empodium," "Folded Soleirolia," "Giant Chinese Soleirolia," "Japanese Archangel," and "Tasaki's Soleirolia."
Uses and Medicinal Properties
Empodium plicatum has long been used in traditional medicine for its numerous health benefits. One of its common uses is as an antipyretic and analgesic. Decoctions and tinctures made from the plant have been traditionally used to relieve fever, headaches, and other forms of body aches. In traditional Chinese medicine, Empodium plicatum is also known for its ability to promote diuresis, detoxify the liver, and improve blood circulation.
In addition to its medicinal properties, Empodium plicatum is also considered a valuable ornamental plant. Its small, greenish-yellow flowers and ivy-like leaves make it an attractive addition to rock gardens, containers, and hanging baskets.
Appearance
Empodium plicatum has a distinctive appearance that sets it apart from other plants. It grows up to 15 centimeters in height and has a creeping habit, with stems that spread out horizontally and roots that grow from the nodes. Its leaves are small, round, and glossy, measuring about 2-3 millimeters in diameter. The flowers of Empodium plicatum are tiny and inconspicuous, measuring only 1.5 millimeters in diameter. They bloom from early spring through late summer and are followed by small, reddish-brown fruit capsules.
Overall, Empodium plicatum is a fascinating plant with a rich history and a wide range of uses. Whether you're a gardener, a herbalist, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty of nature, this plant is definitely worth considering.
Light Requirements
Empodium plicatum thrives in areas with partial to full shade. Direct sunlight can be harmful to its growth and development.
Temperature Needs
The plant requires cool temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C. It performs best in areas with low to moderate humidity and can tolerate cold temperatures up to -5°C.
Soil Conditions
Empodium plicatum prefers moist, humus-rich soils that are well-drained. It can grow in various soil types, including clay, rocky, or sandy loam soils. However, the plant cannot tolerate waterlogged soils as it can lead to root rot and pest infestation.
Cultivation Methods
Empodium plicatum is often cultivated as an ornamental plant. As a member of the Orchidaceae family, it requires proper care and attention to thrive. The plant prefers to grow in a shaded area, away from direct sunlight. It thrives in a well-draining mix of soil and organic matter, such as sphagnum moss, coconut coir, or perlite. It is essential to keep the soil moist but not soggy, as the roots of the plant will rot if left in standing water.
Watering Needs
Empodium plicatum requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, as this can cause root rot. Ideally, the plant should be watered when the top inch of soil is dry to the touch. Use rainwater, distilled water, or reverse osmosis water, as tap water may contain chemicals that can harm the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilize Empodium plicatum once a month during the growing season using a balanced liquid fertilizer or a slow-release granular fertilizer. Dilute the liquid fertilizer according to the instructions on the label, and apply it directly to the soil. If using a slow-release fertilizer, mix it into the top layer of soil. It is important not to over-fertilize, as this can cause the roots of the plant to burn.
Pruning
Empodium plicatum does not require much pruning, but it is beneficial to remove any dead or yellowing leaves or flowers. This can help prevent the spread of diseases and pests. Use a clean pair of scissors or pruning shears, sterilized in alcohol, to make clean cuts to avoid damaging the plant. If the plant has become too large, it can be divided into smaller sections and repotted.
Propagation of Empodium plicatum (Thunb.) Garside
Empodium plicatum (Thunb.) Garside or commonly known as the folded-lip orchid, is a terrestrial plant endemic to North America. Propagating this plant can be achieved through various methods.
Division
Division is the most common method of propagating Empodium plicatum. In this method, the parent plant is carefully dug out of the soil, and the rhizomes are gently separated from the parent plant. Each division should have several pseudobulbs that must be replanted in individual containers immediately. The new plants should be watered thoroughly and kept moist until new growth is evident.
Seeds
Propagation of Empodium plicatum through seeds can be a bit challenging, mainly because the plant produces only a few seeds. However, seeds can be collected from mature seed pods and sown in sterile seedling mix. After sowing, the seeds should be kept moist and at room temperature. Germination can take a few months to a year, and once the seedlings are big enough to handle, they can be transplanted to individual containers.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture can also be used to propagate Empodium plicatum. This method involves growing new plants from small pieces of plant tissue in a laboratory setting. The results of this method are highly consistent, and it helps in producing larger quantities of plants in a shorter amount of time. The process involves sterilizing the plant tissue and growing it in a medium containing hormones that stimulate growth. It is then transferred to a growing medium to develop into a fully grown plant.
Overall, Empodium plicatum is a delicate plant, and propagating it requires attention to detail and a significant amount of patience. However, with the right conditions and care, propagating new plants can be a rewarding and satisfying experience.
Disease Management
One of the most common diseases that affect Empodium plicatum is root rot, caused by the fungus Phytophthora. This disease thrives in damp soil conditions and can quickly spread throughout the plant's root system, eventually leading to wilting and death of the plant. To manage root rot, it is essential to ensure the plant has well-drained soil and avoid overwatering. If root rot is already present, treatment options include applying fungicides and removing any severely damaged plant roots.
Another serious disease that affects Empodium plicatum is powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Podosphaera xanthii. This disease appears as a thin white coating on the leaves and stems, and can eventually lead to stunted growth and reduced yield. To manage powdery mildew, regular inspection of the plant for any signs of the disease is recommended, and treatment options include the use of fungicides and removal of affected plant parts.
Pest Management
Empodium plicatum is often attacked by spider mites, which are tiny pests that suck the sap out of plant leaves and stems. Spider mites are usually found in dry and hot environments and can cause significant damage to the plant's physical appearance and can disrupt plant growth. To manage spider mites, it is essential to regularly monitor the plant for any signs of infestation, such as discolored leaves and webs. Treatment options include using insecticidal soaps and oils and removing affected plant parts.
Another pest that can attack Empodium plicatum is aphids, which are small insects that feed on plant sap and excrete honeydew, leading to the growth of sooty mold. This can be particularly damaging to the plant's growth and overall health. To manage aphids, regularly inspecting the plant and removing any infected parts is essential. Other treatment options include the use of insecticidal soaps and oils or introducing natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings.
