Origin
Emilia pammicrocephala (S.Moore) C.Jeffrey, commonly known as small-head emilia, belongs to the family Asteraceae and is native to the tropical regions of Africa, particularly in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.
Common names
The plant is known by different names in different regions. It is commonly called as small-head emilia, dwarf emelia, yellow tassel, yellow top, or tassel flower. In Ethiopia, it is called "ussie".
Uses
Emilia pammicrocephala is usually grown for its ornamental purposes in gardens, borders, and containers. It is commonly used as cut flowers in floral arrangements and garlands. Its long stems with bright yellow flowers can add a cheerful atmosphere to any garden. The plant is also used in traditional medicine in Africa for treating various ailments, including diarrhea, fever, and wound healing. Some studies have suggested that the plant extract has antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties, which can treat skin-related disorders.
General appearance
Emilia pammicrocephala is a small, herbaceous, annual plant that can grow up to 30 – 40 cm tall. The plant has a smooth, pale-green stem with numerous branches. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stem and are lance-shaped, serrated, and covered with tiny hairs. The flowers are small, bright-yellow in color, and are arranged in clusters at the end of long stalks. Each flower head is about 5 mm in diameter and contains numerous tiny florets. The seeds are small, black, and flattened with tiny hairs that can easily spread by the wind.
In conclusion, Emilia pammicrocephala is an important ornamental and medicinal plant found in Africa, known for its bright yellow flowers and its potential to treat various ailments.Light Requirements
Emilia pammicrocephala requires full sun to thrive. It grows best in areas with ample sunlight, which stimulates good growth and a profusion of flowers. In shaded locations, the plant often has weak stems and few blooms.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can tolerate some extreme temperatures. Emilia pammicrocephala grows best in warm temperatures ranging from 20-30°C. It can, however, survive winter frost if grown in well-drained soil. It is recommended to grow this plant in a sheltered location in colder regions to protect it from harsh winter winds that can damage its fragile stems.
Soil Requirements
Emilia pammicrocephala prefers well-draining, nutrient-rich soils. It adapts well to different types of soils, from sandy to loamy, as long as it is adequately drained. This flowering annual has a moderate drought tolerance, so avoid planting it in waterlogged soils. It can also grow in slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6.5-7.5.
Cultivation methods:
Emilia pammicrocephala is a beautiful ornamental plant that can be grown in containers or as part of garden borders. It thrives well in well-draining soil and needs enough sun exposure to flourish. You can propagate the plant through seedlings, and the best time to do this is during spring and early summer.
Watering needs:
Emilia pammicrocephala requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. Ensure that the soil is consistently moist, but avoid overwatering the plant as it can easily rot. A good rule of thumb is to keep the soil damp but let it dry out slightly before watering again.
Fertilization:
Feed your Emilia pammicrocephala with a balanced liquid fertilizer every two weeks, or use a slow-release fertilizer at the beginning of the growing season. The plant is not a heavy feeder, so make sure not to over-fertilize.
Pruning:
Emilia pammicrocephala does not require regular pruning, but you can cut back the stems after flowering to encourage more blooms. Pinching back the tips of the stems can also promote bushier growth and prevent the plant from becoming too leggy. Remove any dead or damaged foliage to maintain a healthy plant.
Propagation of Emilia pammicrocephala (S.Moore) C.Jeffrey
Emilia pammicrocephala (S.Moore) C.Jeffrey, also known as the African tassel flower, can be propagated through various methods such as seed propagation, cutting, and division.
Seed Propagation
Seeds for Emilia pammicrocephala can be obtained from mature plants. You can collect seed pods from flowers that have dried up and allow them to dry completely before opening to collect the seeds. Sow the seeds in a well-draining soil mixture in pots or seed trays and cover them lightly with soil. Keep the soil moist and place them in a warm, well-lit location. Germination usually occurs within 7-14 days.
Cutting Propagation
Emilia pammicrocephala can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Take cuttings from new shoots with a sharp knife or shears. Cut a 10-15cm long stem, remove the lower leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Place the cutting in a well-draining soil mixture and keep the soil moist. Cover the cutting with a plastic bag to allow the cutting to retain moisture and warmth. Place the cutting in a warm bright location, but not in direct sunlight. The cuttings will root in about 2-3 weeks.
Division Propagation
Emilia pammicrocephala can also be propagated through division. In this method, you will divide mature plants into smaller sections and replant them. Dig out the entire plant and gently separate the sections from the root ball. Transplant each section into a well-draining soil mixture and keep the soil moist for the first few weeks. Place the plants in a warm bright location, but not in direct sunlight.
Disease Management
Emilia pammicrocephala is generally not susceptible to many plant diseases, but there are a few diseases that can affect its growth and health. The most common disease that affects this plant is white leaf spot, which is caused by fungal pathogens. The disease is characterized by the presence of white spots on the leaves and can cause defoliation, which can impact the plant's ability to photosynthesize. To manage this disease, it is important to remove any infected leaves and provide good air circulation around the plant. Fungicide applications may also be helpful.
Pest Management
Emilia pammicrocephala can be affected by a few pests that can cause damage to the plant. Aphids and spider mites are the most common pests that may affect this plant. Aphids suck the sap from the leaves and can cause stunted growth, yellowing, and curling of the leaves. Spider mites, on the other hand, feed on the sap of the plant and can cause the leaves to dry up and fall off. To manage these pests, you can use insecticidal soaps or sprays. It is also important to maintain good hygiene practices to prevent the buildup of pests on the plant. Regularly check for any signs of infestation and take appropriate measures as needed.
